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Physical activity and exercise in the regulation of human adipose tissue physiology

机译：体育活动和锻炼对人体脂肪组织生理的调节

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Physical activity and exercise are key components of energy expenditure and therefore of energy balance. Changes in energy balance alter fat mass. It is therefore reasonable to ask: What are the links between physical activity and adipose tissue function? There are many complexities. Physical activity is a multifaceted behavior of which exercise is just one component. Physical activity influences adipose tissue both acutely and in the longer term. A single bout of exercise stimulates adipose tissue blood flow and fat mobilization, resulting in delivery of fatty acids to skeletal muscles at a rate wellmatched to metabolic requirements, except perhaps in vigorous intensity exercise. The stimuli include adrenergic and other circulating factors. There is a period following an exercise bout when fatty acids are directed away from adipose tissue to other tissues such as skeletal muscle, reducing dietary fat storage in adipose. With chronic exercise (training), there are changes in adipose tissue physiology, particularly an enhanced fat mobilization during acute exercise. It is difficult, however, to distinguish chronic "structural" changes from those associated with the last exercise bout. In addition, it is difficult to distinguish between the effects of training per se and negative energy balance. Epidemiological observations support the idea that physically active people have relatively low fat mass, and intervention studies tend to show that exercise training reduces fat mass. A much-discussed effect of exercise versus calorie restriction in preferentially reducing visceral fat is not borne out by meta-analyses. We conclude that, in addition to the regulation of fat mass, physical activity may contribute to metabolic health through beneficial dynamic changes within adipose tissue in response to each activity bout.
机译：身体活动和锻炼是能量消耗以及能量平衡的关键组成部分。能量平衡的变化会改变脂肪量。因此，有理由问：身体活动与脂肪组织功能之间有什么联系？有很多复杂性。身体活动是多方面的行为，运动只是其中的一个组成部分。体力活动会长期和长期影响脂肪组织。一次剧烈运动会刺激脂肪组织的血流和脂肪动员，导致脂肪酸以与新陈代谢需求相称的速率输送到骨骼肌，除非进行剧烈运动。刺激包括肾上腺素能和其他循环因素。运动后的一段时间内，脂肪酸会从脂肪组织转移到其他组织，例如骨骼肌，从而减少饮食中脂肪的脂肪存储量。进行长期运动（训练）后，脂肪组织的生理会发生变化，尤其是在急性运动过程中，脂肪的活动性增强。但是，很难将慢性“结构性”变化与上一次运动相关的变化区分开。另外，很难区分训练本身的效果和负能量平衡的效果。流行病学观察结果支持体育锻炼者的脂肪量相对较低的观点，干预研究倾向于表明运动训练可以减少脂肪量。荟萃分析并未证实运动与卡路里限制在优先减少内脏脂肪方面的广泛讨论。我们得出的结论是，除了调节脂肪量外，身体活动还可能通过响应每次活动而在脂肪组织内发生有益的动态变化，从而促进代谢健康。

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