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Luftwaffe Maritime Operations in World War II: Thought, Organization and Technology

机译：第二次世界大战中的德国空军海上作战：思想，组织和技术

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The development of air power can be traced to three key elements: thought, organization, and technology. This paper will examine the Luftwaffe's thinking, organization, and technology as they pertained to Countersea Operations during World War II, with a focus on the Battle of the Atlantic during the period 1939-1945. First, an examination of Luftwaffe thought will show that German air doctrine did not prepare the Luftwaffe for the maritime role its leaders thrust upon it. However, flexibility and the application of the tenets of air power provided them with the ability to adapt. Second, the author examines the Luftwaffe's organizational structure. Luftwaffe organization during World War II provided a more than adequate basis for conducting the countersea campaign. The adaptability of its operational and support structure allowed the Luftwaffe to accomplish a variety of missions, even as their aircraft and weapons were proving deficient. However, it was the execution, or operational use, of this structure and the inflexibility of leadership which proved to be the Achilles Heel of the Luftwaffe. The author describes the fierce rivalry that existed between the Luftwaffe and Kreigsmarine senior leadership, and how this interfered with the conduct of Countersea Operations. Finally, the paper will discuss German weapons development for the countersea role. The importance of the airplane and how it supported German aspirations in the maritime environment cannot be overstated. The Luftwaffe was at the forefront of innovation in the field of aviation technology, including airframe and weapons development. Once again, interference by senior leadership and equipment teething problems combined with increasing Allied attacks cost the Luftwaffe precious time.

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