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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Economic Evaluation of Kraft Black Liquor Freeze Concentration for the Pulp and Paper Industry: Final Report
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Economic Evaluation of Kraft Black Liquor Freeze Concentration for the Pulp and Paper Industry: Final Report

机译：纸浆和造纸工业用牛皮纸黑液冷冻浓度的经济评价：最终报告

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The system was conceptually incorporated into several paper mill liquor concentration systems. Three fundamental scenarios were considered: a small, sulphite mill expansion comparing freeze concentration to evaporators and vapor recompression; a ''greenfield'' mill which evaluated the use of a freeze concentration process to achieve varying degrees of liquor concentration before achieving final concentration using traditional evaporation; and a kraft mill expansion which explored the use of freeze concentration to achieve a mill capacity expansion using a freeze concentrator in tandem with an existing evaporator set. The performance of these various scenarios were evaluated using a heat balance analysis and the comparative net present value of each arrangement was determined using a traditional evaporator system as a reference. Results indicate that generally the freeze concentration process is not economically attractive relative to traditional evaporator systems at the present time. At a fuel cost of $28.77/barrel, the freeze concentration process becomes attractive. However, this study was performed considering a fuel oil cost of $23.63 per barrel and the world fuel oil price has declined markedly since then. (ERA citation 12:028760)

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