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美国政府科技报告
>From Bullets to Ballots A Summary of Findings from Six Post-Conflict Election Studies. Promoting Democracy, Human Rights, and Reintegration in Post-Conflict Societies October 30-31, 1997.
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From Bullets to Ballots A Summary of Findings from Six Post-Conflict Election Studies. Promoting Democracy, Human Rights, and Reintegration in Post-Conflict Societies October 30-31, 1997.
Since the end of the cold war, peace accords ending internal conflicts have been followed within a short time by elections. These post-conflict elections seek both to promote democracy and to consolidate peace under the most difficult possible conditions. Many war-torn societies have no prior experience with democracy, thus no electoral institutions. All are polarized politically, with deep distrust and antagonism between former enemies who often remain armed to some degree. Harsh economic conditions characterized by massive unemployment, high inflation rates, and food shortages erode public confidence and add to the atmosphere of mistrust. The shattered transport and communication infrastructures turn the logistical task of organizing elections into a nightmare. The international community plays a central role in post-conflict elections. Bilateral donors, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations have performed remarkable logistical and organizational feats in many countries. Nevertheless, large gaps exist in our understanding of the effectiveness of electoral assistance programs in war-torn societies and above all of the impact of post-conflict elections on the consolidation of peace and on further democratization.
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