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Re-analysis of Alaskan Benchmark Glacier Mass-Balance Data Using the Index Method

机译：用指数法重新分析阿拉斯加基准基准冰川质量平衡数据

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At Gulkana and Wolverine Glaciers, designated the Alaskan benchmark glaciers, we re-analyzed and re-computed the mass balance time series from 1966 to 2009 to accomplish our goal of making more robust time series. Each glaciers data record was analyzed with the same methods. For surface processes, we estimated missing information with an improved degree-day model. Degree-day models predict ablation from the sum of daily mean temperatures and an empirical degree-day factor. We modernized the traditional degree-day model and derived new degree-day factors in an effort to match the balance time series more closely. We estimated missing yearly-site data with a new balance gradient method. These efforts showed that an additional step needed to be taken at Wolverine Glacier to adjust for non-representative index sites.As with the previously calculated mass balances, the re-analyzed balances showed a continuing trend of mass loss. We noted that the time series, and thus our estimate of the cumulative mass loss over the period of record, was very sensitive to the data input, and suggest the need to add data-collection sites and modernize our weather stations. Glaciers respond to changes in climate with changes in length and thickness (for example, Meier, 1962; Dyurgerov and Meier, 2000). Thus, the time-series of geometric change provides insight into glacier-climate interactions in both the past and the present. Resolving the relationship between surface forcing (climate) and changes in the geometry of a glacier is accomplished through mass-balance estimates, which involve measuring the change in glacier mass at specific sites and extrapolating those changes over the glacier surface for specified time intervals (for example, Hooke, 2005).

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