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Personal Information: Data Breaches Are Frequent, but Evidence of Resulting Identify Theft is Limited; However, the Full Extent is Unknown

机译：个人信息：数据泄露频繁，但导致识别盗窃的证据有限;但是，全范围是未知的

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In recent years, many entities in the private, public, and government sectors have reported the loss or theft of sensitive personal information. These breaches have raised concerns in part because they can result in identity theft--either account fraud (such as misuse of credit card numbers) or unauthorized creation of new accounts (such as opening a credit card in someone else's name). Many states have enacted laws requiring entities that experience breaches to notify affected individuals, and Congress is considering legislation that would establish a national breach notification requirement. GAO was asked to examine (1) the incidence and circumstances of breaches of sensitive personal information; (2) the extent to which such breaches have resulted in identity theft; and (3) the potential benefits, costs, and challenges associated with breach notification requirements. To address these objectives, GAO reviewed available reports on data breaches, analyzed 24 large data breaches, and gathered information from federal and state government agencies, researchers, consumer advocates, and others.

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年度 2007
页码 p.1-50
总页数 50
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类工业技术;
关键词
Information security; Computer security; Information management; Identity theft; Government information; Strategic planning; Reporting requirements; Internal controls; Fraud; Databases; Cost analysis;

机译：信息安全;计算机安全;信息管理;身份盗窃;政府信息;战略规划;报告要求;内部控制;欺诈;数据库;成本分析;

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1. Theft tops causes of data breaches in UK [J] . Computer Fraud & Security . 2009,第nova期

机译：盗窃是英国数据泄露的主要原因
2. Data breaches and identity theft [J] . William Roberds, Stacey L Schreft Journal of Monetary Economics . 2009,第7期

机译：数据泄露和身份盗用
3. Pan-European personal data breaches: Mapping of current practices and recommendations to facilitate cooperation among Data Protection Authorities [J] . Malatras Apostolos, Sanchez Ignacio, Beslay Laurent, Computer law & security report . 2017,第4期

机译：泛欧洲个人数据泄露：映射当前做法和建议以促进数据保护机构之间的合作
4. Password Reuse Behavior: How Massive Online Data Breaches Impacts Personal Data in Web [C] . Prabaharan Poornachandran, M. Nithun, Soumajit Pal, International Conference on Innovations in Computer Science and Engineering . 2016

机译：密码重用行为：大规模的在线数据漏洞如何影响网络中的个人数据
5. Cybersecurity in Electronic Commerce: Effect of Safeguarding Personal Data on Identity Theft. [D] . Pannah, Em. 2010

机译：电子商务中的网络安全：保护个人数据对身份盗用的影响。
6. Cyber-Analytics: Identifying Discriminants of Data Breaches [O] . Diane Dolezel, Alexander McLeod 2019

机译：网络分析：识别数据泄露的区别
7. ABSTRACT Various body parts or organs can be analysed to identify the different diseases in the human body. Fingernail analysis is one of the ways to identify disease in the human body. Nails are the body part which are farthest from the heart and therefore receive oxygen at last. As a result the nails are the first who show the symptoms of a disease in the human body. Fingernails can be easily captured for diagnosis and there are no heavy equipment or no specific conditions required to use nail image for disease diagnosis, like in other tests and scanning processes. Human nails deliver beneficial information about complaints or any nutritive imbalances in the human body depending upon their shape, texture and colour. In human beings, numerous systemic and skin diseases can be easily analyzed through careful examination of nails of both the limbs. A lot of nail illnesses have been found to be primary signs of numerous underlying systemic illnesses. The colour, texture or shape changes in nails are signs of many diseases mainly affecting nails. Considering all these properties of nails a system is proposed that uses digital image processing (DIP) methods for identifying such changes in the human nail to get more precise results and predict numerous diseases effortlessly. With the emerging Internet of Things (IOT) concept the generated report is made available remotely, this will help users to reduce transportation efforts. As the system has to deal with large and private data, the security of data must be ensured. To keep the data confidential, the Blockchain concept which is one of the most emerging concepts in the field of data management is used. The paper contains the implementation of the digital image processing for feature extraction of nail images, usage of IOT (ThingSpeak cloud) for data storage and implementation of Blockchain to keep the system secured and theft free. KEY WORDS: Int ernet of thin gs (IOT), Image proc essin g, Thin gSpeak, RG B vavalues, Mean pi xel vavalues, Bloc kchain , Hash key. Disease Diagnostic System: Abnormalities in Human Nail [O] . Pranav S. Wazarkar 2020

机译：摘要的各个身体部位或器官可被分析以识别在人体内的不同的疾病。指甲分析来识别人体疾病的方法之一。指甲是身体一部分是离心脏最远，因此在最后接受氧气。作为结果，指甲是第一谁表现出人体疾病的症状。指甲可以容易地捕获用于诊断和没有重装或需要使用指甲图像用于疾病诊断，比如在其他测试和扫描过程没有特定的条件。人的指甲提供有关投诉或取决于它们的形状，纹理和色彩在人体内的任何营养失衡有益的信息。在人类中，许多全身性皮肤疾病是可以很容易地通过两个四肢指甲的仔细检查分析。很多指甲病已发现众多潜在系统性疾病的主要症状。在指甲的颜色，质地和形状的变化是许多疾病主要影响指甲的迹象。考虑到所有的指甲的这些性能的系统被提出，用于识别人指甲这样的变化以获得更精确的结果，并毫不费力预测许多疾病用途的数字图像处理（DIP）方法。随着物联网（IOT）的概念，新兴的互联网将生成的报告提供远程，这将帮助用户降低运输工作。由于系统必须处理大量的私人数据，数据的安全性必须得到保证。为了保持数据的机密性，使用Blockchain的概念，它是在数据管理领域的大多数新兴的概念之一。本文包含了数字图像处理的指甲图像，IOT（ThingSpeak云）的使用为数据存储和执行Blockchain的特征提取的执行，以保持固定的系统和盗窃免费。关键词：诠释薄GS（IOT），图像的ERNET PROC essin克，薄型gSpeak，RG乙vavalues，平均数PI XEL vavalues，阵营kchain，哈希密钥。疾病诊断系统：在人类指甲异常

Personal Information: Data Breaches Are Frequent, but Evidence of Resulting Identify Theft is Limited; However, the Full Extent is Unknown

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