• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and Prevention of Chronic Disease. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment Number 139
【24h】

Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and Prevention of Chronic Disease. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment Number 139

机译：多种维生素/矿物质补充剂和慢性病的预防。证据报告/技术评估编号139

获取原文
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Multivitamin/mineral supplements are the most commonly used nutritional supplements in the United States. Most multivitamin/mineral supplements contain at least 10 vitamins or minerals with a wide range of doses. Many individuals use multivitamin/mineral supplements for prophylactic or disease-mitigating purposes. Chronic disease is estimated to account for 35 million deaths worldwide. Cardiovascular disease and cancer comprise a major proportion of chronic diseases in both developed and developing countries. Other than cardiovascular disease and cancer, obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, end-stage renal disease, and osteoarthritis are also becoming significant public health problems. Many of these chronic diseases share common risk factors and underlying pathologic mechanisms that may be modified by nutrients. Examples include reduction of oxidative damage by antioxidants, DNA methylation regulated by folate and B vitamins, bone metabolism regulated by vitamin D and calcium, and cell differentiation, proliferation, and growth regulated by retinol, calcium, and vitamin D. The biological effects of a nutrient are heavily dependent on its bioavailability. Key factors determining the bioavailability of micronutrients are the chemical form in which the nutrient is presented to the intestinal absorptive surface, the presence of other competing chemicals in the intestinal lumen, the concentration of food constituents (such as phytates and other chelating agents) that bind to the nutrient and make it unavailable for absorption, intestinal transit time, and enzyme activity. A nutrient may affect not only the absorption of other nutrients, but also the transport, tissue uptake, function and metabolism of other nutrients. Hence, concurrent ingestion of several nutrients may result in synergistic, antagonistic, or threshold effects as compared to a single nutrient. The efficacy of a single nutrient or multiple nutrients should be considered separately unless no interactive or threshold effects can be found. The United States Food and Nutrition Board has established the tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) for several nutrients. By definition, a UL is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. Since the time when ULs were determined, several large-scale randomized controlled trials of vitamin/mineral supplementation have been completed. An update of the data on adverse effects/events will help to evaluate the appropriateness of the ULs.

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号