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首页> 美国政府科技报告 >Poverty and Structural Adjustment in the 1980s: Trends in Welfare Indicators inLatin America and Africa
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Poverty and Structural Adjustment in the 1980s: Trends in Welfare Indicators inLatin America and Africa

机译：20世纪80年代的贫困与结构调整：拉丁美洲和非洲的福利指标趋势

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摘要

In the past 15 years, two ideas about poverty in Africa and Latin America havebecome widely accepted: (1) that the 1980s were a lost decade of deepening poverty and worsening social conditions for the poor in these regions; and (2) that market-oriented structural adjustment programs were a major cause of this downturn. The bulk of the evidence points in the other direction, according to this report, which reviews trends in income measures (absolute poverty, income distribution, and other income-based welfare measures), public expenditures, and social indicators (infant and child mortality rates, nutritional status, access to education, etc.) for the two regions. Analysis of these data reveals that while per capita income levels and public expenditures did indeed fall, and the number of people in poverty increased (especially in Africa), living conditions as measured by social indicators such as nutritional status, child mortality, protection against disease, and access to schooling for the most part either remained stable or improved. Moreover, poor people in countries that adopted stabilization and structural reforms did not suffer more, or do less well on social indicators, than those in countries that were less reform minded. And to the extent that reforming countries are enjoying faster economic growth, which seems to be the case, the outlook for the poor in the reforming countries is better than in non-reforming countries. The report includes an extensive bibliography, and annexes which present statistical tables, a glossary, and information about IMF/World Bank structural adjustment lending.

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