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Boldenone Undecylenate-Mediated Hepatorenal Impairment by Oxidative Damage and Dysregulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Androgen Receptors Expressions: Vitamin C Preventive Role

机译：螺旋龙未亚亚亚亚含亚亚亚亚亚亚亚亚亚亚亚亚亚型血管损伤通过氧化损伤和热休克蛋白质90和雄激素受体表达的失调：维生素C预防作用

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Boldenone Undecylenate (BLD) is a synthetic derivative of testosterone and a widely used anabolic androgenic steroid. The health risk of BLD use as a pharmaceutical or dietary supplement is still underestimated and under-reported. Vitamin C (VC) has been recognized as an antioxidant with prominent hepatorenal protective effects. This study investigated the possible preventive activity of VC against BLD-induced hepatorenal damage. Forty adult male Wistar rats were classified into five groups: control, vehicle control, VC (orally given 120 mg/kg b. wt./day), BLD (intramuscularly injected 5 mg/kg b. wt./week), and BLD + VC-treated groups. The experiment continued for eight weeks. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. Serum contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (VLDL-C) were also assayed. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels were determined together with sodium and potassium electrolytes measuring. Moreover, oxidative stress indicators including reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GSR) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in both hepatic and renal tissues. Corresponding histological examination of renal and hepatic tissues was conducted. Besides, immunohistochemical evaluations for androgen receptors protein (AR) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) expressions were performed. BLD caused significant rises in serum ALT, AST, TP, ALB, TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, urea, creatinine, uric acid, potassium, and MDA levels. Further, BLD-injected rats showed significant declines in the serum levels of HDL-C, sodium, GSH, GPx, GST, and GSR. Besides, distinct histopathological perturbations were detected in renal and hepatic tissues of BLD-injected rats. AR and Hsp 90 immunoexpression were increased in hepatic and renal tissues. In contrast, VC significantly reversed the BLD-induced hepatorenal damage in co-treated rats but not ameliorated AR protein overexpression. VC could be an efficient preventive supplement for mitigating BLD-induced hepatorenal damage, possibly via controlling oxidative stress events.
机译：Boldenone Undelylenate（BLD）是睾酮的合成衍生物和广泛使用的合成代谢雄激素类固醇。 BLD作为药物或膳食补充剂的健康风险仍未估计和欠报道。维生素C（VC）已被认为是具有突出肝脏保护作用的抗氧化剂。本研究研究了VC对BLD诱导的肝癌损伤的可能预防活性。 40只成年雄性Wistar大鼠分成5组：对照，车辆控制，VC（口服120毫克/公斤b wt./day。），BLD（肌内注射5毫克/公斤b wt./week。），和BLD + VC处理组。实验持续了八周。测量血清水平的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）。总蛋白质（TP），白蛋白（ALB），球蛋白，总胆固醇（TC），甘油三酯（Tg），高密度脂蛋白 - 胆固醇（HDL-C），低密度脂蛋白 - 胆固醇（LDL-C）并且也测定非常低密度的脂蛋白 - 胆固醇（VLDL-C）。尿素，肌酐和尿酸水平与钠和钾电解质测量一起测定。此外，在肝脏和肾组织中测量包括谷胱甘肽（GSH），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX），谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GSR）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GSR）水平的氧化应激指示剂以及谷胱甘肽水平。进行了对应的肾和肝组织的组织学检查。此外，进行了对雄激素受体蛋白（AR）和热休克蛋白90（HSP 90）表达的免疫组织化学评价。 BLD血清ALT，AST，TP，ALB，TC，TG，LDL-C，VLDL-C，尿素，肌酸酐，尿酸，钾和MDA水平引起显著上升。此外，BLD注入的大鼠在HDL-C，钠，GSH，GPX，GST和GSR的血清水平中显示出显着下降。此外，在BLD注射大鼠的肾病和肝脏组织中检测到不同的组织病理扰动。在肝和肾组织中增加了AR和HSP 90免疫表达。相比之下，VC显着逆转了共同处理的大鼠的BLD诱导的肝癌损伤，但没有改善AR蛋白过表达。 VC可能是用于减轻BLD诱导的肝肾损伤的有效预防补充，可能通过控制氧化应激事件。

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