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An Integrated Multi-Approach to Environmental Monitoring of a Self-Burning Coal Waste Pile: The São Pedro da Cova Mine (Porto, Portugal) Study Case

机译：一种综合的多种方法来实现自燃煤矸石的环境监测：SãoPedroda Cova Mine（波尔图，葡萄牙）研究案例

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摘要

The São Pedro da Cova waste pile (Porto, Portugal) is composed of coal mining residues that have been self-burning since 2005 and is located close to an inhabited area and social infrastructures, further adding to effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, there is a great interest in the environmental monitoring of this waste pile. This work describes an integrative multi-approach that allows the environmental monitoring of several parameters of the waste pile, applying several technologies. The temperature measurements were obtained by a thermal infrared (TIR) sensor on board an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and supplemented with field measurements. In order to evaluate the altimetric variations, for each flight, a digital elevation model (DEM) was generated considering a multispectral sensor also on board the UAV. The hydrogeochemical characterization was performed through the analysis of groundwater and surface water samples, with and without the influence of mine drainage. The soil monitoring included the analysis of waste material as well as the surface soil in the surrounding area of the waste pile. All the data were analyzed and integrated in a geographical information system (GIS) open-source application. The adopted multi-approach methodology, given its intrinsic interdisciplinary character, has proven to be an effective way of encompassing the complexity of this type of environmental problem.
机译：SãoPedroda Cova废物堆（Porto，Portugal）由自2005年以来一直自燃的煤矿矿物组成，靠近居住区和社会基础设施，进一步增加对环境和人类健康的影响。因此，对这种废物桩的环境监测有很大兴趣。这项工作描述了一种综合的多方法，允许对废物桩的几个参数进行环境监测，应用若干技术。通过在无人驾驶飞行器（UAV）上的热红外（TIR）传感器获得温度测量，并补充了现场测量。为了评估每个飞行的高度变化，考虑到在UAV上的多光谱传感器时，产生数字高级传感器的数字高度模型（DEM）。通过对地下水和地表水样的分析，随着矿井排水的影响，进行水力地理学表征。土壤监测包括废料的分析以及废物周围区域的表面土壤。分析所有数据并集成在地理信息系统（GIS）开源应用中。鉴于其内在跨学科特征，所采用的多方法方法已被证明是一种有效的方法，可以包括这种环境问题的复杂性。

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