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Similarities and Differences in the Temporal Variability of PM2.5 and AOD Between Urban and Rural Stations in Beijing

机译：北京市城市和农村地区PM2.5与AOD的时间变异性的相似性和差异

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摘要

Surface particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and column-integrated aerosol optical depth (AOD) exhibits substantial diurnal, daily, and yearly variabilities that are regionally dependent. The diversity of these temporal variabilities in urban and rural areas may imply the inherent mechanisms. A novel time-series analysis tool developed by Facebook, Prophet, is used to investigate the holiday, seasonal, and inter-annual patterns of PM2.5 and AOD at a rural station (RU) and an urban station (UR) in Beijing. PM2.5 shows a coherent decreasing tendency at both stations during 2014–2018, consistent with the implementation of the air pollution action plan at the end of 2013. RU is characterized by similar seasonal variations of AOD and PM2.5, with the lowest values in winter and the highest in summer, which is opposite that at UR with maximum AOD, but minimum PM2.5 in summer and minimum AOD, but maximum PM2.5 in winter. During the National Day holiday (1–7 October), both AOD and PM2.5 holiday components regularly shift from negative to positive departures, and the turning point generally occurs on October 4. AODs at both stations steadily increase throughout the daytime, which is most striking in winter. A morning rush hour peak of PM2.5 (7:00–9:00 local standard time (LST)) and a second peak at night (23:00 LST) are observed at UR. PM2.5 at RU often reaches minima (maxima) at around 12:00 LST (19:00 LST), about four hours later (earlier) than UR. The ratio of PM2.5 to AOD (η) shows a decreasing tendency at both stations in the last four years, indicating a profound impact of the air quality control program. η at RU always begins to increase about 1–2 h earlier than that at UR during the daytime. Large spatial and temporal variations of η suggest that caution should be observed in the estimation of PM2.5 from AOD.
机译：具有<2.5μm（PM2.5）和柱 - 整体气溶胶光学深度（AOD）的空气动力直径的表面颗粒物质表现出在区域依赖的实质性的昼夜，每日和每年变量。城市和农村地区这些时间可变性的多样性可能意味着固有的机制。 Facebook，先知开发的新型时间序列分析工具用于调查北京农村站（RU）和城市站（UR）的PM2.5和AOD的假期，季节性和年度常见模式。 PM2.5在2014 - 2018年期间显示了两个站的相干性倾向，与2013年底的空气污染行动计划一致.RU的特点是AOD和PM2.5的类似季节性变化，值最低在冬季和夏季最高，与最大AOD的最高，但夏季和最低AOD中最低的PM2.5，但冬季最高PM2.5。在国庆节假期（10月1日至7日），AOD和PM2.5假期成分都经常从负面转变为正偏离，而转折点一般发生在10月4日。两个站的AOD在整个日间稳步增加，这是最醒目的冬天。在UR中观察到PM2.5的早晨高峰峰（7：00-9：00地方标准时间（LST））和第二次峰（23:00 LST）。在Ru的PM2.5经常在12:00 LST（19:00 LST）左右达到最小值（Maxima），大约四小时后（早）比UR为止。 PM2.5至AOD（η）的比率在过去四年中显示了两个站的趋势，表明空气质量控制程序的深刻影响。 η在白天早些时候，ru总是开始增加约1-2小时。 η的大空间和时间变化表明应在AOD估计PM2.5的估计中观察到谨慎。

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