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Landscape use and fruit cultivation in Petra (Jordan) from Early Nabataean to Byzantine times (2nd century bc–5th century ad)

机译：从纳巴泰早期到拜占庭时期（公元前2世纪至公元5世纪）佩特拉（约旦）的景观用途和水果种植

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Archaeobotanical analyses of charred seeds, fruit and wood charcoal from the residential part of the ez-Zantur area at Petra, Jordan, provide new data on the agricultural economy and use of the landscape in this famous merchant Nabataean city from the middle of the 2nd century bc to the beginning of the 5th century ad. The study is based on analyses of 7,640 whole and fragmented seeds, pips and fruit stones and 624 charcoal fragments sampled from household deposits. The results show that the food supply was based on common Mediterranean cultivated taxa such as cereals (Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum/durum), pulses (Lens culinaris) and fruit (Olea europaea, Ficus carica, Vitis vinifera), which were probably cultivated both in the city and its hinterland. The by-products from the processing of cereals and fruit trees played a significant role in fuel supply, supplementing woody wild plants obtained from rocky slopes and the desert valley. The variety of fuel resources shows a major capacity to manage complex supply networks and perhaps the rarity of natural woodland cover. The existence of orchards within the city centre and notably olive groves is indicated in the Early Nabataean period (mid 2nd century to mid 1st century bc) but they expanded during the Classical Nabataean period (mid 1st century bc to 1st century ad), probably reflecting specialised fruit growing. Unusual plant remains such as Prunus armeniaca (apricot), P. persica (peach) and Juglans regia (walnut) are considered to be social indicators of prosperity. These archaeobotanical results fit with others from this region and match with the urbanization and social dynamics of the city of Petra.

机译：在彼得德拉，彼得，彼得，约旦佩特拉的住宅区的烧焦种子，水果和木材木炭分析，为来自2世纪中叶的这个着名商人Nabataean城市的农业经济和利用景观提供了新的数据公元前至公元5世纪初。这项研究是基于对7,640整体和零散的种子，点子和果核和624个木炭碎片居民户存款取样分析。结果表明，食品供应是基于常见地中海栽培的分类群，如谷物（Hordeum Vulgare，Triticum Aestivum / Durum），脉冲（镜片玉米饼）和水果（Olea Europaea，Ficus Carica，vitis Vinifera），这两者都培养在城市及其腹地。来自谷物和果树加工的副产品在燃料供应中发挥了重要作用，补充了从岩石斜坡和沙漠山谷获得的木质野生植物。各种燃料资源显示了管理复杂供应网络的主要能力，也许是天然林地覆盖的罕见。在市中心和明显的橄榄树林中存在果园的存在，在Nabataean期初（2世纪中期到公元前1世纪中期）表示，但他们在古典的Nabataean（公元前1世纪中期至1世纪广告）期间扩大了，可能是反映的专业果实生长。不寻常的植物仍然如prunus armeniaca（杏），p. persica（桃）和juglans regia（核桃）被认为是繁荣的社会指标。这些弓形虫的结果与来自该地区的其他人合适，并与佩特拉市的城市化和社会动态相匹配。

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Charlene Bouchaud; Christiane Jacquat; Danièle Martinoli;
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Landscape use and fruit cultivation in Petra (Jordan) from Early Nabataean to Byzantine times (2nd century bc–5th century ad)

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