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Estimation of temperature in the lubricant film during cold forging of stainless steel based on studies of phase transformations in the film

机译：基于不锈钢相变研究，估算不锈钢冷锻过程中润滑膜中的温度

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摘要

Changes in friction during backward can extrusion of stainless steel was observed for four different lubricant systems. The observed changes in friction are believed to be caused by phase transitions in the lubricant. The lubricant systems consisted of two different carrier coatings (crystalline Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O and amorphous Zn1.5Ca1.5(PO4)2) lubricated with soap or MoS2. The temperature in the lubricant film during the process was estimated from changes in friction in correlation with observed phase transitions in the lubricant. Phase transitions in the carrier coatings as a function of pressure and temperature were investigated. Several previously unknown phase transitions were discovered. Four different crystal structures of Zn3(PO4)2·xH2O were observed as a function of temperature. At 700–900°C Zn3(PO4)2 becomes amorphous (depending on the pressure). Amorphous Zn1.5Ca1.5(PO4)2 crystallises at 200–300°C and a second phase transition is observed at 400–700°C (depending on the pressure). It is estimated on the basis of the results from the backward can extrusion and analysis of the structure as a function of temperature that the temperature may reach in the excess of 450°C at a height/diameter ratio of two.
机译：对于四种不同的润滑剂系统，观察到不锈钢向后挤压过程中的摩擦力变化。据信观察到的摩擦变化是由润滑剂中的相变引起的。润滑系统由两种不同的载体涂层组成（结晶的Zn3（PO4）2·4H2O和非晶的Zn1.5Ca1.5（PO4）2），并用肥皂或MoS2润滑。根据与观察到的润滑剂中的相变相关的摩擦变化来估计该过程中润滑剂膜中的温度。研究了载体涂层中的相变与压力和温度的关系。发现了几个以前未知的相变。观察到Zn3（PO4）2·xH2O的四种不同晶体结构随温度的变化。在700–900°C下，Zn3（PO4）2变为非晶态（取决于压力）。非晶态Zn1.5Ca1.5（PO4）2在200–300°C结晶，在400–700°C观察到第二相变（取决于压力）。根据后罐挤压的结果以及根据温度对结构的分析估计，在高度/直径之比为2时，温度可能超过450°C。

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