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Assessment of estuarine habitats for resident and estuarine-dependent species: tools for conservation and management

机译：栖息和依赖河口物种的河口栖息地评估：保护和管理工具

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My research in coastal Ecuador and the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM)elucidated differences in value of shallow estuarine habitats for fishes and invertebrates.I focused on mangrove and tidal river habitats in Ecuador, and oyster reef, vegetatedmarsh edge, and nonvegetated bottom habitats in the GOM.Coastal Ecuador has lost 20-30% of mangrove wetlands over the past 30 years.Such habitat loss can impair the ecological functions of wetlands. In this study Iidentified the fish community of the remaining mangrove wetland in Rio Palmar,Ecuador. For comparison, an adjacent tidal river without mangroves, Rio Javita, wasalso sampled. I found that although Rios Palmar and Javita are characterized byrelatively low fish-species richness compared to other tropical estuarine systems, theyappear to provide important habitat for several economically- and ecologically-valuedspecies.In the GOM, I examined the fish and invertebrate communities of adjacent oysterreef (oyster), vegetated marsh edge (VME), and nonvegetated bottom (NVB) habitats.Three main relationships emerged: 1) Oyster and VME provide habitat for significantly more species (as a measure of richness) relative to NVB; 2) Oyster and VME providehabitat for uncommon and rare species; and 3) Many of the species collected in multiplehabitats occurred at higher abundances in oyster or VME habitat. Contrary to the currentlow value ranking of oyster habitat relative to other estuarine and salt marsh habitats,oyster provides high quality habitat for many species.Understanding how key species utilize estuarine habitats is critical for futureconservation and management efforts. My research indicated that VME habitat mayprovide better foraging options for juvenile pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), and togetherwith corroborating evidence from other studies, suggest that VME provides a criticalnursery function for juvenile pinfish, especially in estuaries where seagrass habitat issparse or nonexistent. Additionally, I documented that juvenile white shrimp(Litopenaeus setiferus) select for oyster habitat because of higher food availability andnot because of refuge needs from predation by blue crabs. Oyster habitat appears toprovide a nursery function for juvenile white shrimp. Overall, my researchdemonstrated that structurally complex habitats, such as mangroves, VME, and oysterprovide essential habitat at the community, population, and individual levels.
机译：我对厄瓜多尔沿海地区和墨西哥湾北部（GOM）的研究阐明了鱼类和无脊椎动物浅河口生境的价值差异，主要研究了厄瓜多尔的红树林和潮汐河生境，以及厄瓜多尔的牡蛎礁，植被沼泽边缘和无植被的底部生境。在过去的30年中，厄瓜多尔沿海地区失去了20％至30％的红树林湿地，这种栖息地的减少会损害湿地的生态功能。在这项研究中，我们确定了厄瓜多尔里约帕尔玛剩余的红树林湿地的鱼类群落。为了进行比较，还对相邻的没有红树林的潮汐河里约哈维塔河进行了采样。我发现尽管Rios Palmar和Javita的鱼类物种丰富度相对于其他热带河口系统而言相对较低，但它们似乎为几种具有经济和生态价值的物种提供了重要的栖息地。在GOM中，我检查了邻近鱼类和无脊椎动物的群落牡蛎礁（牡蛎），植被沼泽边缘（VME）和非植被底部（NVB）生境。出现了三个主要关系：1）相对于NVB，牡蛎和VME提供了更多的物种（以丰富度作为衡量标准）。 2）牡蛎和VME为罕见和稀有物种提供栖息地； 3）在多生境中收集的许多物种以较高的丰度出现在牡蛎或VME生境中。与目前牡蛎栖息地相对于其他河口和盐沼栖息地的低价值排名相反，牡蛎为许多物种提供了高质量的栖息地。了解关键物种如何利用河口栖息地对于未来的保护和管理工作至关重要。我的研究表明，VME栖息地可能为幼年斑尾鱼（Lagodon rhomboides）提供更好的觅食选择，再加上其他研究的确凿证据，表明VME为幼年斑尾鱼提供了关键的育苗功能，尤其是在海草栖息地稀少或不存在的河口。另外，我记录了少年白虾（Litopenaeus setiferus）之所以选择牡蛎栖息地，是因为其可获得的食物更多，而不是因为蓝蟹的捕食需要避难所。牡蛎栖息地似乎可以为幼年白虾提供苗圃功能。总的来说，我的研究表明，结构复杂的栖息地，例如红树林，VME和牡蛎，在社区，人口和个人层面提供了必要的栖息地。

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    Shervette Virginia Rhea;

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