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Predicting soil organic matter stability in agricultural fields through carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes

机译：通过碳氮稳定同位素预测农田土壤有机质的稳定性

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In order to evaluate the sustainability and efficiency of soil carbon sequestration measures and the impact of different management and environmental factors, information on soil organic matter (SOM) stability and mean residence time (MRT) is required. However, this information on SOM stability and MRT is expensive to determine via radiocarbon dating, precluding a wide spread use of stability measurements in soil science. In this paper, we test an alternative method, first developed by Conen et al. (2008) for undisturbed Alpine grassland systems, using C and N stable isotope ratios in more frequently disturbed agricultural soils. Since only information on carbon and nitrogen concentrations and their stable isotope ratios is required, it is possible to estimate the SOM stability at greatly reduced costs compared to radiocarbon dating. Using four different experimental sites located in various climates and soil types, this research proved the effectiveness of using the C/N ratio and δ15N signature to determine the stability of mOM (mineral associated organic matter) relative to POM (particulate organic matter) in an intensively managed agro-ecological setting. Combining this approach with δ13C measurements allowed discriminating between different management (grassland vs cropland) and land use (till vs no till) systems. With increasing depth the stability of mOM relative to POM increases, but less so under tillage compared to no-till practises. Applying this approach to investigate SOM stability in different soil aggregate fractions, it corroborates the aggregate hierarchy theory as proposed by Six et al. (2004) and Segoli et al. (2013). The organic matter in the occluded micro-aggregate and silt & clay fractions is less degraded than the SOM in the free micro-aggregate and silt & clay fractions. The stable isotope approach can be particularly useful for soils with a history of burning and thus containing old charcoal particles, preventing the use of 14C to determine the SOM stability.
机译：为了评估土壤固碳措施的可持续性和效率以及不同管理和环境因素的影响，需要有关土壤有机质（SOM）稳定性和平均停留时间（MRT）的信息。但是，有关SOM稳定性和MRT的信息很难通过放射性碳年代测定来确定，因此无法在土壤科学中广泛使用稳定性测量方法。在本文中，我们测试了一种由Conen等人首先开发的替代方法。 （2008年）对于未受干扰的高山草地系统，在受干扰更频繁的农业土壤中使用C和N稳定同位素比率。由于仅需要有关碳和氮浓度及其稳定同位素比的信息，因此与放射性碳测年相比，可以以大大降低的成本估算SOM稳定性。使用位于不同气候和土壤类型的四个不同实验点，该研究证明了使用碳氮比和δ15N信号来确定相对于POM（颗粒有机物）中mOM（矿物相关有机物）的稳定性的有效性。严格管理的农业生态环境。将此方法与δ13C测量值相结合，可以区分不同的管理系统（草地与耕地）和土地利用（耕作与不耕作）系统。随着深度的增加，mOM相对于POM的稳定性增加，但与免耕措施相比，耕作下的稳定性更低。应用这种方法研究不同土壤骨料组分中SOM的稳定性，它证实了Six等人提出的骨料层次理论。 （2004年）和Segoli等。 （2013）。封闭的微骨料和淤泥和粘土部分中的有机物降解程度低于游离微骨料和淤泥和粘土部分中的SOM。稳定同位素方法对于具有燃烧历史并因此含有旧木炭颗粒的土壤特别有用，从而无法使用14 C来确定SOM稳定性。

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