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Accelerated mineral carbonation of stainless steel slags for CO2 storage and waste valorization: effect of process parameters on geochemical properties

机译:用于存储二氧化碳和废物增值的不锈钢炉渣的加速矿物碳化:工艺参数对地球化学性质的影响

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摘要

This work explores the mineral carbonation of stainless steel slags in search for a technically and economically feasible treatment solution that steers these waste residues away from costly disposal in landfills and into valuable applications. Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) and Continuous Casting (CC) slags prove ideal for mineral carbonation as their powdery morphology forgoes the need for milling and provides sufficient surface area for high reactivity towards direct aqueous carbonation. Experiments were undertaken using two methodologies: unpressurized thin-film carbonation, and pressurized slurry carbonation. The influence of process parameters (temperature, CO2 partial pressure, time, solids loading) on the slag carbonation conversion are investigated, seeking the optimal conditions that maximize the potential of the slags as carbon sinks. It was found that CC slag carbonates more extensively than AOD slag at essentially every processing condition due to differences in particle microstructure; still, it was possible to reach up to 0.26 and 0.31 g,CO2/g,slag uptake with AOD and CC slags, respectively, at optimal processing conditions via pressurized slurry carbonation. Mineral carbonation conversion was accompanied by significant reduction in basicity, as much as two pH units, and stabilization of heavy metals leaching, meeting regulatory limits (borderline for Cr) for safe waste materials re-use. Via quantitative mineralogical analyses, it was possible to differentiate the carbonation reactivity of several alkaline mineral phases, and to discern the preferential formation of certain Ca- and Mg-carbonates depending on the processing route and operating conditions. Slurry carbonation was found to deliver greater mineral carbonation conversion and optimal treatment homogeneity, which are required for commercial applications. However, thin-film carbonation may be a more feasible route for the utilization of slags solely as carbon sinks, particularly due to the elimination of several processing steps and reduction of energy demand.
机译:这项工作探索了不锈钢炉渣的矿物碳酸化,以寻求一种技术上和经济上可行的处理方案,从而将这些废渣从昂贵的垃圾掩埋场转移到有价值的应用中。氩氧脱碳(AOD)和连铸(CC)炉渣被证明是矿物碳酸化的理想之选,因为它们的粉末形态已经消除了研磨的需要,并提供了足够的表面积以实现对直接水性碳酸化的高反应性。使用两种方法进行了实验:未加压的薄膜碳酸化和加压的浆料碳酸化。研究了工艺参数(温度,CO2分压,时间,固体负荷)对炉渣碳酸化转化的影响,寻求最佳条件,以使炉渣碳汇的潜力最大化。结果发现,由于颗粒微观结构的不同,CC渣在基本上每个加工条件下的碳酸盐含量都比AOD渣更广泛。此外,在最佳工艺条件下,通过加压浆料碳酸化处理,AOD和CC炉渣分别可以吸收高达0.26和0.31 g,CO2 / g的炉渣。矿物碳酸化转化伴随着碱度的显着降低(多达两个pH单位)以及重金属浸出的稳定化,达到了监管极限(Cr的边界),可以安全地重复使用废物。通过定量矿物学分析,可以区分几种碱性矿物相的碳酸化反应性,并根据加工路线和操作条件来识别某些碳酸钙和碳酸镁的优先形成。发现浆料碳酸化可提供更大的矿物碳酸化转化率和最佳的处理均质性,这是商业应用所需的。但是,薄膜碳化可能是将炉渣仅用作碳汇的一种更可行的途径,特别是由于省去了几个处理步骤并减少了能源需求。

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