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Nanofibrous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) scaffolds provide a functional microenvironment for cartilage repair

机译：纳米纤维聚（3-羟基丁酸酯）/聚（3-羟基辛酸酯）支架为软骨修复提供了功能性的微环境

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Articular cartilage defects, when repaired ineffectively, often lead to further deterioration of the tissue, secondary osteoarthritis and, ultimately, joint replacement. Unfortunately, current surgical procedures are unable to restore normal cartilage function. Tissue engineering of cartilage provides promising strategies for the regeneration of damaged articular cartilage. As yet, there are still significant challenges that need to be overcome to match the long-term mechanical stability and durability of native cartilage. Using electrospinning of different blends of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate), we produced polymer scaffolds and optimised their structure, stiffness, degradation rates and biocompatibility. Scaffolds with a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) ratio of 1:0.25 exhibit randomly oriented fibres that closely mimic the collagen fibrillar meshwork of native cartilage and match the stiffness of native articular cartilage. Degradation of the scaffolds into products that could be easily removed from the body was indicated by changes in fibre structure, loss of molecular weight and a decrease in scaffold stiffness after one and four months. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis after three weeks of culture with human articular chondrocytes revealed a hyaline-likeudcartilage matrix. The ability to fine tune the ultrastructure and mechanical properties using different blends of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) allows to produce a cartilage repair kit for clinical use to reduce the risk of developing secondary osteoarthritis. We further suggest the development of a toolbox with tailor-made scaffolds for the repair of other tissues that require a ‘guiding’ structure to support the body’s self-healing process.
机译：关节软骨缺损如果修复不当，通常会导致组织进一步恶化，继发性骨关节炎，最终导致关节置换。不幸的是，当前的外科手术无法恢复正常的软骨功能。软骨的组织工程为受损关节软骨的再生提供了有希望的策略。迄今为止，仍然需要克服重大挑战以匹配天然软骨的长期机械稳定性和耐久性。使用可生物降解的聚（3-羟基丁酸酯）/聚（3-羟基辛酸酯）不同混合物的静电纺丝，我们生产了聚合物支架，并优化了它们的结构，刚度，降解速率和生物相容性。聚（3-羟基丁酸酯）/聚（3-羟基辛酸酯）比率为1：0.25的支架表现出随机取向的纤维，该纤维紧密模拟天然软骨的胶原纤维原状网，并与天然关节软骨的刚度相匹配。一到四个月后，纤维结构的改变，分子量的损失和支架刚度的降低表明了支架降解为易于从体内去除的产品。用人类关节软骨细胞培养三周后的组织学和免疫组化分析显示出透明质样软骨基质。使用聚（3-羟基丁酸酯）/聚（3-羟基辛酸酯）的不同共混物微调超微结构和机械性能的能力允许生产用于临床的软骨修复试剂盒，以减少发生继发性骨关节炎的风险。我们进一步建议开发一种带有量身定制的支架的工具箱，用于修复其他需要“引导”结构以支持人体自我修复过程的组织。

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