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Causes of the regional variability in observed sea level, sea surface temperature and ocean colour over the period 1993-2011

机译：1993-2011年期间观测海平面，海表温度和海洋颜色区域差异的原因

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We analyse the regional variability in observed sea surface height (SSH), sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean colour (OC) from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) datasets over the period 1993-2011. The analysis focuses on the signature of the ocean large-scale climate fluctuations driven by the atmospheric forcing and do not address the mesoscale variability. We use the ECCO version 4 ocean reanalysis to unravel the role of ocean transport and surface buoyancy fluxes in the observed SSH, SST and OC variability. We show that the SSH regional variability is dominated by the steric effect (except at high latitude) and is mainly shaped by ocean heat transport divergences with some contributions from the surface heat fluxes forcing that can be significant regionally (confirming earlier results). This is in contrast with the SST regional variability, which is the result of the compensation of surface heat fluxes by ocean heat transport in the mixed layer and arises from small departures around this background balance. Bringing together the results of SSH and SST analyses, we show that SSH and SST bear some common variability. This is because both SSH and SST variability show significant contributions from the surface heat fluxes forcing. It is evidenced by the high correlation between SST and buoyancy forced SSH almost everywhere in the ocean except at high latitude. OC, which is determined by phytoplankton biomass, is governed by the availability of light and nutrients that essentially depend on climate fluctuations. For this reason OC show significant correlation with SST and SSH. We show that the correlation with SST display the same pattern as the correlation with SSH with a negative correlation in the tropics and subtropics and a positive correlation at high latitude. We discuss the reasons for this pattern.
机译：我们从1993-2011年期间的欧空局气候变化倡议（CCI）数据集中分析了观测到的海面高度（SSH），海面温度（SST）和海洋颜色（OC）的区域差异。该分析着重于由大气强迫驱动的海洋大规模气候波动的特征，而不涉及中尺度的变化。我们使用ECCO版本4海洋再分析来揭示海洋运输和表面浮力通量在观测到的SSH，SST和OC变异中的作用。我们显示，SSH的区域变异性受空间效应（高纬度除外）支配，并且主要由海洋热传输散度影响，表面热通量强迫也有一定的贡献，这可能对区域具有重大意义（证实了较早的结果）。这与SST区域变化相反，后者是通过混合层中海洋热传输补偿表面热通量的结果，并且是由围绕此背景平衡的微小偏差引起的。综合SSH和SST分析的结果，我们显示SSH和SST具有一些共同的可变性。这是因为SSH和SST的可变性都显示出表面热通量强迫的重要作用。 SST与强迫性SSH浮力之间的高度相关性证明了这一点，除了在高纬度以外，几乎在海洋中的任何地方。 OC是由浮游植物生物量决定的，它由基本上取决于气候波动的光和养分的可用性决定。因此，OC显示与SST和SSH显着相关。我们显示，与SST的相关性显示出与SSH的相关性相同的模式，在热带和亚热带具有负相关性，而在高纬度则具有正相关性。我们讨论了这种模式的原因。

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