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Low voltage electrical properties of polypropylene filled with stainless steel fibres and a model of sample conductivity based on fibre geometry

机译：填充不锈钢纤维的聚丙烯的低压电性能和基于纤维几何形状的样品电导率模型

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The d.c, electrical properties of 80×80×3 mm 3 polypropylene plaques filled with 6.5 µm diameter stainless steel fibres have been studied for volume fractions in the vicinity of a critical threshold at which the volume resistivity changes very rapidly with filler concentration. By the use of very low power inputs to eliminate any possibility of local temperature changes, the samples have been established to be ohmic conductors with resistivities ranging from 12 to 0.61 O cm for fibre volume fractions of 1 to 3%. It is suggested that percolation conditions i.e. continuous chains of metal fibres are produced at low volume fraction of filler because of a special fibre geometry i.e. a substantial proportion of the fibres are three dimensionally folded into shapes of roughly helical form, thus enhancing the probabilities of contact between adjacent fibres. For simplicity a model structure of perfect helices with identical diameters and pitch has been examined. The model leads to a critical volume fraction at the percolation threshold, which is in good agreement with experiment and proportional to the square of the ratio of fibre diameter to helix diameter. The threshold resistivity range predicted by the model is also a function of fibre and helix diameter and this resistivity also decreases with mean fibre length. It is argued further that there exists an optimum value of fibre aspect ratio for which the critical volume fraction is a minimum. The predicted threshold resistivity is in good agree ment with experiment providing that a small amount of the size coating is assumed to have been removed during manufacture of the plaques, thus allowing a small fraction of the fibre fibre contacts to be conducting.
机译：对填充有6.5 µm直径不锈钢纤维的80×80×3 mm 3聚丙烯板的直流电性能进行了研究，其体积分数在临界阈值附近，在该阈值下，体积电阻率随填料浓度变化非常快。通过使用非常低的功率输入来消除局部温度变化的任何可能性，对于纤维体积分数为1％至3％的样品，已确定其电阻率为12至0.61 O cm的欧姆导体。有人提出，由于特殊的纤维几何形状，即在相当低的填料含量下产生了渗滤条件，即连续的金属纤维链，即相当大比例的纤维被三维折叠成大致螺旋形，从而提高了接触的可能性。在相邻纤维之间。为了简单起见，已经研究了具有相同直径和螺距的完美螺旋的模型结构。该模型在渗滤阈值处产生临界体积分数，该临界体积分数与实验非常吻合，并且与纤维直径与螺旋直径之比的平方成正比。该模型预测的阈值电阻率范围也是纤维和螺旋线直径的函数，并且该电阻率也随平均纤维长度而减小。进一步认为，存在纤维长径比的最佳值，对于该值，临界体积分数最小。假定的阈值电阻率与实验非常吻合，但前提是假定在板块的制造过程中已除去少量的施胶层，从而使一小部分的光纤接触得以进行。

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