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Effect of ageing on the availability of heavy metals in soils amended with compost and biochar: evaluation of changes in soil and amendment properties

机译：老化对堆肥和生物炭改良土壤中重金属有效性的影响：评估土壤变化和改良特性

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Remediation strategies using soil amendments should consider the time dependence of metal availability to identify amendments that can sustainably reduce available pollutant concentrations over time. Drying-wetting cycles were applied on amendments, soils and soil + amendment mixtures, to mimic ageing at field level and investigate its effect on extractable Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations from three contaminated soils. The amendments investigated were municipal waste organic compost and biochars. The amendments, soils and mixtures were characterised by their physicochemical properties at different ageing times. The amendments were also characterised in terms of sorption capacity for Cd and Cu. The sorption capacity and the physicochemical properties of the amendments remained constant over the period examined. When mixed with the soils, amendments, especially the compost, immediately reduced the extractable metals in the soils with low pH and acid neutralisation capacity, due to the increase in pH and buffering capacity of the mixtures. The amendments had a relatively minor impact on the metal availability concentrations for the soil with substantially high acid neutralisation capacity. The most important changes in extractable metal concentrations were observed at the beginning of the experiments, ageing having a minor effect on metal concentrations when compared with the initial effect of amendments.
机译：使用土壤改良剂的修复策略应考虑金属可用性的时间依赖性，以识别出可以随着时间的推移可持续降低可用污染物浓度的修正剂。将干湿循环应用于修正剂，土壤和土壤+修正剂混合物，以模拟田间水平的老化，并研究其对三种污染土壤中可萃取的Cd，Cu，Ni，Pb和Zn浓度的影响。调查的修正案是市政废物有机堆肥和生物炭。改性剂，土壤和混合物的特征在于它们在不同老化时间下的理化特性。所述修饰物还以对Cd和Cu的吸附能力为特征。改性剂的吸附能力和理化性质在所检查的时间内保持不变。当与土壤混合时，由于混合物的pH和缓冲能力增加，因此改良剂（尤其是堆肥）会立即减少pH和酸中和能力较低的土壤中的可萃取金属。这些修正对酸中和能力相当高的土壤中金属的有效利用浓度影响相对较小。在实验开始时观察到可提取金属浓度的最重要变化，与修正剂的初始作用相比，时效对金属浓度的影响较小。

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