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首页> 外文OA文献 >The end of the cold Loneliness: 3D comparison between Doto antarctica and a new sympatric species of Doto (Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia)
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The end of the cold Loneliness: 3D comparison between Doto antarctica and a new sympatric species of Doto (Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia)

机译：冷寂的终结：南极洲的渡渡鸟（Doto）和新的渡渡鸟（Doter）的3D比较（Heterobranchia：Nudibranchia）

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摘要

Although several studies are devoted to determining the diversity of Antarctic heterobranch sea slugs, new species are still being discovered. Among nudibranchs, Doto antarctica Eliot, 1907 is the single species of this genus described from Antarctica hitherto, the type locality being the Ross Sea. Doto antarctica was described mainly using external features. During our Antarctic research on marine benthic invertebrates, we found D. antarctica in the Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island, suggesting a circumpolar distribution. Species affiliation is herein supported by molecular analyses using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, and histone H3 markers. We redescribe D. antarctica using histology, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and 3D-reconstruction of the internal organs. Moreover, we describe a new, sympatric species, namely D. carinova Moles, Avila & Wägele n. sp., and provide an anatomical comparison between the two Antarctic Doto species. Egg masses in both species are also described here for the first time. We demonstrate that micro-CT is a useful tool for non-destructive anatomical description of valuable specimens. Furthermore, our high resolution micro-CT data reveal that the central nervous system of both Doto species possesses numerous accessory giant cells, suggested to be neurons herein. In addition, the phylogenetic tree of all Doto species sequenced to date suggests a scenario for the evolution of the reproductive system in this genus: bursa copulatrix seems to have been reduced and the acquisition of a distal connection of the oviduct to the nidamental glands is a synapomorphy of the Antarctic Doto species. Overall, the combination of thorough morphological and anatomical description and molecular analyses provides a comprehensive means to characterize and delineate species, thus suggesting evolutionary scenarios.
机译：尽管有几项研究致力于确定南极异枝海的多样性，但仍在发现新物种。在裸露的分支中，1907年的南极洲的爱奥多特（Doto antarctica Eliot）是迄今从南极洲描述的该属的单一物种，类型为罗斯海。南极洲的渡渡鸟主要使用外部特征进行了描述。在我们对海洋底栖无脊椎动物的南极研究中，我们在韦德尔海和布韦岛上发现了南极D.南极洲，这表明是极地分布。本文通过使用细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I，16S rRNA和组蛋白H3标记的分子分析来支持物种隶属关系。我们使用组织学，微计算机断层扫描（micro-CT）和内部器官的3D重建来重新描述南极D.。此外，我们描述了一种新的同胞物种，即D. carinova Moles，Avila和Wägelen。 ，并提供两个南极Doto物种之间的解剖比较。这两个物种的卵团也首次在此描述。我们证明，微型CT是有价值的标本的非破坏性解剖描述的有用工具。此外，我们的高分辨率micro-CT数据显示，两种Doto物种的中枢神经系统均具有众多辅助巨细胞，在本文中被认为是神经元。此外，迄今为止，已测序的所有渡渡鸟物种的系统发育树都提示了该属生殖系统进化的情况：臀足囊似乎已经减少，输卵管与胎膜远端连接的获取是一个难题。南极Doto物种的亚同形。总体而言，彻底的形态学和解剖学描述以及分子分析的结合提供了表征和勾勒物种的综合手段，从而提出了进化方案。

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