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Analysis of convergence data and 3D numerical modelling of tunnels excavated in fine-grained soils

机译：细粒土中开​​挖隧道的收敛数据分析和3D数值模拟

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This paper focuses on the convergence measurements of twin motorway tunnels under excavation in a Pliocene formation in the South of Italy. The tunnels are driven full face, with a cross-section of 120 m(2), by means of a conventional excavation method, up to a maximum depth of 120 m. The primary lining is an open arch made up of shotcrete and steel sets; the definitive lining consists of concrete cast in three different stages. Convergence measurements were analyzed on the basis of the curve-fitting technique proposed by Sulem et al. (1987). Then, the influence on tunnel deformation of overburden and lining construction sequence is investigated. Finally, the role of the primary and final linings in reducing tunnel convergence is investigated by means of a three-dimensional stress-strain analysis, performed with FLAC3D code.
机译：本文重点研究意大利南部上新世地层中开挖下的双高速公路隧道的收敛测量。隧道通过传统的开挖方法，以120 m（2）的横截面全驱动，最大深度为120 m。主要衬砌是一个开放式拱门，由喷射混凝土和钢制成。最终衬砌由三个阶段的混凝土浇筑而成。在Sulem等人提出的曲线拟合技术的基础上，对收敛性测量进行了分析。 （1987）。然后，研究了对覆盖层隧道变形和衬砌施工顺序的影响。最后，通过使用FLAC3D代码进行的三维应力应变分析，研究了主衬和最终衬砌在减少隧道收敛中的作用。

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