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Ecological active vision: four bio-inspired principles to integrate bottom-up and adaptive top-down attention tested with a simple camera-arm robot

机译:生态主动视觉:四种受生物启发的原理,通过简单的相机手臂机器人对自下而上和自上而下的自适应注意力进行整合

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摘要

Vision gives primates a wealth of information useful to manipulate the environment, but at the same time it can easily overwhelm their computational resources. Active vision is a key solution found by nature to solve this problem: a limited fovea actively displaced in space to collect only relevant information. Here we highlight that in ecological conditions this solution encounters four problems: 1) the agent needs to learn where to look based on its goals; 2) manipulation causes learning feedback in areas of space possibly outside the attention focus; 3) good visual actions are needed to guide manipulation actions, but only these can generate learning feedback; and 4) a limited fovea causes aliasing problems. We then propose a computational architecture ("BITPIC") to overcome the four problems, integrating four bioinspired key ingredients: 1) reinforcement-learning fovea-based top-down attention; 2) a strong vision-manipulation coupling; 3) bottom-up periphery-based attention; and 4) a novel action-oriented memory. The system is tested with a simple simulated camera-arm robot solving a class of search-and-reach tasks involving color-blob "objects." The results show that the architecture solves the problems, and hence the tasks, very ef?ciently, and highlight how the architecture principles can contribute to a full exploitation of the advantages of active vision in ecological conditions.
机译:视觉为灵长类动物提供了大量有用的信息,这些信息可用于操纵环境,但与此同时,它可以轻松地淹没他们的计算资源。主动视觉是自然界解决这一问题的关键解决方案:有限的中央凹在空间中主动移位,仅收集相关信息。在这里,我们强调指出,在生态条件下,该解决方案遇到四个问题:1)代理商需要根据其目标来学习在哪里看; 2)操纵会导致在注意力集中之外的空间区域获得学习反馈; 3)需要良好的视觉动作来指导操纵动作,但是只有这些动作才能产生学习反馈;和4)中央凹受限会导致混叠问题。然后,我们提出了一种计算架构(“ BITPIC”),以克服这四个问题,整合了四个受生物启发的关键要素:1)增强学习基于中央凹的自上而下的注意; 2)强烈的视觉操纵耦合; 3)自下而上的外围注意; 4)新颖的面向行动的记忆。该系统已通过简单的模拟相机手臂机器人进行了测试,解决了涉及色球“对象”的一类搜索和到达任务。结果表明,该架构非常有效地解决了问题,从而解决了任务,并突出了架构原理如何有助于在生态条件下充分利用主动视觉的优势。

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