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首页> 外文OA文献 >Climate Change,Urban Degreening and Flooding in Nigerian Cities:Reducing Vulnerability Through Polycentric Planning and Urban Greeenery Strategy(PPUGS)
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Climate Change,Urban Degreening and Flooding in Nigerian Cities:Reducing Vulnerability Through Polycentric Planning and Urban Greeenery Strategy(PPUGS)

机译：尼日利亚城市的气候变化，城市等级和洪水：通过多中心规划和城市风貌战略（PPUGS）减少脆弱性

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This paper uses the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to analyse the missing links in attempts to address the problems of flooding in Nigerian cities. Previous flooding and the recent ones have been attributed to heavy downpour, blockage of water channels and drainages, indiscriminate dumping of refuse and building of houses along channels. Areas that are neglected but pertinent to flood mitigation include: (1) degreening activities that remove green cover; (2) paving of open spaces with asphalt and concrete that accentuate storm water volume as percolation is reduced; and (3) unpaved surfaces that generate debris and silts that cause siltation and sedimentation of Atlantic Ocean and Lagoon with the consequence of rising sea level and coastal flooding. The paper reports the findings of longitudinal studies on causative factors of urban flooding. The studies commenced in Ile-Ife and Ibadan in 1997, conducted in Lagos in 1998-2000 and 2011 and in Ibadan in 2011 and 2012. The paper identified gaps between and among the stakeholders in environmentalism and ecosystemic balance at state and local levels. Indications from Ile-Ife, Lagos and Ibadan show that the three cities are experiencing degreening activities. For example, in Ile-Ife and Lagos, the green areas account for the least proportions, 24.1% and 27% of open spaces around buildings respectively, while 75.9% and 73.0% of the available open spaces are either paved or unpaved with the problem of heat radiation that demands additional energy for operating artificial cooling system and consequently increased global warming. In addition, degreening activities cause flooding. As more and more land is urbanised, and trees and grasses are replaced by asphalt and concrete, rainwater has less chance to be absorbed. Thus, storm water rushes down the streets while areas that were never flooded are now routinely under water.udOther studies in Lagos show that: (i) there is an increase in the rate of sedimentation and sea level rise (ii) rainstorms in the city have become more intense and urban flooding will be more severe. Floods have devastated many parts of Lagos and Ibadan leading to loss of several lives and property and the displacement of several people. Statistics confirms that between 2011 and 2012, more than 150 billion naira (about $1 billion) was lost in Lagos, while 2,105 buildings were flooded in Ibadan with property damaged estimated in billions of Naira. As a result, the Lagos and Oyo States‟ Governments spent several millions of Naira on relief to the victims. This paper raises some fundamental questions on the roles of stakeholders (scholars, public officials, practitioners, professionals and citizens) within the built environment in designing strategies at mitigating urban flooding. This paper considered it imperative for the adoption of pragmatic and problem-solving strategies that can help in mitigating flooding in Lagos and Ibadan. Consequently, the paper designs an African Polycentric Urban Greenery Model (APUGM) that can be applied to addressing the challenges of flooding in the two cities. The paper emphasizes, among other considerations, the use of traducture in reaching the grassroots for solution to the recurrent challenges of flooding. The paper also designs strategies that Lagos and Oyo states‟ governments could adopt for the depopulation of the two cities – Lagos and Ibadan respectively through de-urbanisation, de-migration and re-migration.
机译：本文使用机构分析与发展（IAD）框架来分析缺失的链接，以解决尼日利亚城市的洪水问题。以前的洪水和最近的洪水归因于倾盆大雨，水道和排水渠的堵塞，乱扔垃圾和沿河道修建房屋。被忽略但与减轻洪灾有关的区域包括：（1）进行绿化覆盖的定级活动； （2）用沥青和混凝土在开放空间中铺面，以减少渗滤，增加雨水量； （3）未铺砌的表面会产生碎屑和淤泥，从而导致大西洋和泻湖的淤积和沉积，这是海平面上升和沿海洪灾的结果。本文报道了关于城市洪灾成因的纵向研究结果。该研究于1997年在Ile-Ife和Ibadan开始，于1998-2000和2011年在拉各斯进行，并于2011和2012年在Ibadan进行。该文件确定了各州和地方各级在环境主义和生态系统平衡方面利益相关者之间的差距。 Ile-Ife，Lagos和Ibadan的迹象表明，这三个城市正在开展学位活动。例如，在Ile-Ife和Lagos中，绿色区域所占比例最小，分别占建筑物周围开放空间的24.1％和27％，而有问题的可用开放空间中有75.9％和73.0％的已铺设或未铺设热辐射需要更多的能量来运行人工冷却系统，因此导致全球变暖加剧。另外，分级活动会导致洪水泛滥。随着越来越多的土地被城市化，树木和草丛被沥青和混凝土代替，雨水被吸收的机会越来越少。因此，雨水从街道上冲下来，而从未被淹没的地区现在通常都在水下。 ud其他在拉各斯的研究表明：（i）沉积速率和海平面上升率增加了（ii）城市变得更加激烈，城市洪水将更加严重。洪水摧毁了拉各斯和伊巴丹的许多地区，导致数人丧生和财产损失，数人流离失所。统计数据证实，在2011年至2012年期间，拉各斯损失了超过1500亿奈拉（约合10亿美元），而伊巴丹淹没了2105座建筑物，财产损失估计达数十亿奈拉。结果，拉各斯和奥约州政府花费了数百万奈拉来救济受害者。本文就建筑环境中的利益相关者（学者，公职人员，从业人员，专业人员和公民）在设计缓解城市洪灾的策略中的作用提出了一些基本问题。本文认为必须采取务实和解决问题的策略来帮助缓解拉各斯和伊巴丹的洪水。因此，本文设计了一种非洲多中心城市绿化模型（APUGM），该模型可用于应对两个城市的洪水挑战。除其他考虑因素外，本文还强调了在人们到达基层时使用管道的方法，以解决洪水泛滥的挑战。本文还设计了拉各斯州和奥约州政府可以通过去城市化，人口迁移和再迁移分别采取战略，以减少拉各斯和伊巴丹这两个城市的人口。

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    Akinola S. R; Adewale B. A.;

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