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Can Mobile Communication Technologies Enhance Knowledge and Technology Transfer for Improved Agricultural Productivity in Developing Nations? A Preliminary Macro-Economic Assessment in Kenya

机译：移动通信技术能否提高知识和技术转让水平，从而改善发展中国家的农业生产力？肯尼亚的初步宏观经济评估

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Agriculture is central to the economy of Kenya, but as the population dependent on the same land grows, farmers have been compelled to develop more intensive practices to produce similar yields as in the past. Investments in agricultural research and technology facilitate this intensification and have historically resulted in substantial gains. However, efforts to promote effective transfer of new technologies and methodologies have been stifled by financial challenges to traditional agricultural extension delivery approaches. Extension services involve significant face-to-face contact in farmer fields, through farmer field schools, or at regional events. However with rising costs, the demand for more mobile and adaptable mediums is apparent. This study examines the potential for new methods of knowledge and technology transfer and diffusion of innovation within Kenya, most notably the use of mobile phone services. In order to frame the potential of such services, a national level macro-econometric analysis was undertaken to assess the effects of investments in agricultural research on agricultural gross domestic product. These results were then overlaid on an analysis of 14 case studies examining the effects and challenges of agricultural extension in East Africa. Three potential services, Awaaz De, FarmFox, and Community Knowledge Workers (CKW), were then assessed on a capabilities standard in the context of the rise of the mobile communication markets in Kenya for potential application to extension services. The results indicate that agricultural research is strongly correlated with growth in agricultural GDP and that effective extension services have strongly facilitated that in the past. However, limited flexibility, lack of farmer input, and high costs limit that potential contribution to growth. Mobile communication services may be part of the solution; capabilities of Awaaz De, FarmFox, and CKW are promising, but further research is needed to accurately recommend a service for Kenya’s extension services.
机译：农业是肯尼亚经济的中心，但是随着人口在同一土地上的增长，农民被迫发展更集约化的生产方式以产生与过去相似的产量。对农业研究和技术的投资促进了这种集约化，并在历史上取得了可观的收益。但是，由于对传统农业推广交付方式的财政挑战，遏制了促进有效转让新技术和方法的努力。推广服务涉及在农民田间，通过农民田间学校或在区域性活动中进行大量的面对面接触。然而，随着成本上升，对更多移动和适应性媒体的需求显而易见。这项研究研究了肯尼亚内部知识和技术新方法的转移和创新传播的潜力，其中最显着的是使用移动电话服务。为了确定此类服务的潜力，进行了国家一级的宏观经济计量分析，以评估农业研究投资对农业国内生产总值的影响。然后将这些结果覆盖在对14个案例研究的分析上，这些案例研究了东非农业扩张的影响和挑战。然后，在肯尼亚移动通信市场兴起的背景下，根据能力标准对三种潜在的服务Awaaz De，FarmFox和社区知识工作者（CKW）进行了评估，以潜在地应用于扩展服务。结果表明，农业研究与农业GDP的增长密切相关，并且有效的推广服务在过去大大促进了农业研究。但是，灵活性有限，缺乏农民投入以及高昂的成本限制了这种对增长的潜在贡献。移动通信服务可能是解决方案的一部分； Awaaz De，FarmFox和CKW的功能是有前途的，但需要进一步研究以准确推荐肯尼亚的推广服务。

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    Vancel James Hugh;

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