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Stable isotopes trace estuarine transformations of carbon and nitrogen from primary- and secondary-treated paper and pulp mill effluent

机译：一级和二级处理的造纸和制浆厂废水中碳和氮的稳定同位素痕量河口转化

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摘要

Stable isotope analysis of a novel combination of carbon and nitrogen pools traced inputs and processing of primary-treated (PE) and secondary-treated effluent (SE) from a paper and pulp mill (PPM) in a temperate Australian estuary. Distinct carbon stable isotope ratios of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) near the PPM outfall indicated large PE and reduced SE inputs of DOC. DOC was remineralized to dissolved inorganic carbon regardless of season, but rates were lower in winter. PE discharge in winter elevated DOC concentrations along much of the estuary. Distinct stable isotope ratios confirmed particulate organic matter (POM) input from PE and SE to the water column and into the sediment. This was relatively localized, indicating rapid POM settlement regardless of season. SE discharge increased nutrient inputs and enhanced algal productivity, particularly in summer when chlorophyll-a concentrations were elevated throughout the estuary. SE discharge reduced pCO2 from levels associated with PE discharge. However, the estuary remained heterotrophic as subsequent respiration or decomposition of algal material offset reductions in PPM organic matter input. The influence of the PPM was apparent throughout the estuary, demonstrating the ability of anthropogenic inputs, and changes to these, to affect ecosystem functioning.
机译：在澳大利亚温带河口，对造纸和制浆厂（PPM）的初级处理（PE）和次级处理后的出水（SE）进行处理后，对碳和氮池的新型组合进行稳定同位素分析，进行了初级处理（PE）和次级处理后的出水（SE）处理。 PPM出口附近的溶解有机碳（DOC）的不同碳稳定同位素比表明，PE较大且DOC的SE输入减少。不论季节如何，DOC都会矿化成溶解的无机碳，但冬季的比率较低。冬季，PE排放沿河口大部分地区DOC浓度升高。稳定的同位素比率不同，证实了从PE和SE向水柱和沉积物中输入的颗粒有机物（POM）。这是相对本地化的，表明无论季节如何，POM都会快速沉降。 SE排放增加了养分的投入并提高了藻类的生产力，特别是在夏季，整个河口的叶绿素-a浓度都在升高。 SE排放使pCO2从与PE排放相关的水平降低。但是，河口仍然是异养的，因为随后的呼吸作用或藻类物质的分解抵消了PPM有机物输入量的减少。 PPM的影响在整个河口很明显，这表明人为输入及其变化影响生态系统功能的能力。

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