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首页> 外文OA文献 >Technological change and job redesign: implications for the quality of working life : a qualitative case study into employee experiences during the digitalization of radio and television program production
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Technological change and job redesign: implications for the quality of working life : a qualitative case study into employee experiences during the digitalization of radio and television program production

机译：技术变革和工作重新设计：对工作生活质量的影响：广播电视节目制作数字化过程中对员工体验的定性案例研究

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Technological advances have brought about extensive changes in work over the last few decades. In many industries, work has changed from specialized, often monotonous, manufacturing work to non-routine, complex and autonomous knowledge work that produces outputs characterized by information content. Simultaneously, job descriptions have increased in scope and autonomy. Technological development and job redesign continue to change work in many industries. Both the use of new technology at the workplace and job redesign also influence the quality of working life and alter the factors that promote work-related well-being and/or induce stress. This study examines employee experiences during technological change and job redesign in terms of the quality of working life. The data are derived from 32 thematic interviews, mainly with journalists and editors in three units of a national broadcasting company during the digitalization of radio and television program production technology.Initially, the study set out to examine how technological changes are experienced in terms of the quality of working life. To answer this question, a qualitative content analysis of the interviews was performed. The data were analyzed first within cases and then across cases using both inductive and deductive approaches. The analysis revealed that the technological change was connected with experiences relating to (1) technological implementations, (2) changes in job descriptions, (3) learning to use new technology and (4) using new technology. It was found that the technological change was accompanied by job redesign, which enriched journalistic job descriptions and narrowed down editorial job descriptions. The results were examined in the frameworks of the Job Characteristics Model (Hackman & Oldham, 1980) and Job Demand-Control Model (Karasek, 1979). As these models did not capture negative experiences related to enriched job descriptions, a new research question was posed: "What stressors are experienced in job redesign?"By conducting a situational analysis, stressful work situations were identified and examined. Stressors were categorized according to the Balance Model (Smith & Carayon-Sainfort, 1989), in which the work system consists of five elements: task, technology, organization, environment and person. Enriched job descriptions were connected with stressors in all of the elements, whereas narrowed job descriptions only with organizational stressors. Stressors were also categorized in terms of their elements: excessive breadth and depth of demands, contradiction and changes in demands, social conditions, lack of organizational support and the moderating stressor, lack of work motivation and ability.The study also examined ways of experiencing technological change with job redesign in terms of the quality of working life. A phenomenographic analysis indicated six ways of experiencing digitalization as a technological change with job redesign: as a revolutionary change, as an interesting change, as hardly a change at all, full of uncertainties and images, as an interesting but stressful change, and as a difficult change.The main findings of this study were that technological changes can be accompanied by social and organizational changes that have a significant influence on the quality of working life of individual workers and work units, and that enriched job descriptions are not inevitably experienced as positive in terms of the quality of working life in knowledge work. The results of this study suggest that, in knowledge work, the same factors contribute to well-being and induce stress, which means that job redesign cannot anymore focus on simply eliminating stressors but should focus on balancing the work to suit the needs of the individual. The methodological contributions of this study suggest the use of qualitative methods, the use of multiple analysis methods and the use of complementary research strategies in studying the quality of working life. The practical implications of the study include enabling employee participation in technological changes and job (re)design, implementing changes gradually, as well as providing employees with training and support in meeting new skill requirements.
机译：在过去的几十年中，技术的进步带来了工作上的广泛变化。在许多行业中，工作已从专门的（通常是单调的）制造工作变为非常规，复杂且自主的知识工作，这些工作产生的信息内容具有特征性。同时，职位描述的范围和自治性也有所增加。技术发展和工作重新设计继续改变着许多行业的工作。在工作场所使用新技术和重新设计工作都会影响工作生活的质量，并改变促进与工作有关的幸福感和/或引起压力的因素。本研究从工作生活质量的角度考察了技术变革和工作重新设计期间的员工经验。数据来自32个主题访谈，主要是在广播电视节目制作技术数字化期间与国家广播公司三个部门的记者和编辑进行的。最初，该研究着眼于如何从技术角度对技术变化进行体验。工作生活质量。为了回答这个问题，对访谈进行了定性内容分析。首先在案例中分析数据，然后使用归纳和演绎方法对案例进行分析。分析表明，技术变革与以下方面的经验有关：（1）技术实施；（2）职位描述变更；（3）学习使用新技术；（4）使用新技术。人们发现，技术变革伴随着工作的重新设计，这丰富了新闻工作者的工作描述，并缩小了编辑工作的描述。在工作特征模型（Hackman＆Oldham，1980）和工作需求控制模型（Karasek，1979）的框架中检验了结果。由于这些模型没有捕获与丰富的工作描述相关的负面经验，因此提出了一个新的研究问题：“重新设计工作时会遇到哪些压力源？”通过进行情境分析，可以确定并检查压力大的工作环境。压力源根据平衡模型（Smith＆Carayon-Sainfort，1989）进行分类，其中工作系统包括五个要素：任务，技术，组织，环境和人。丰富的职位描述与所有要素中的压力源有关，而狭窄的职位描述仅与组织压力源相关。压力源也按其元素进行分类：需求的广度和深度，需求的矛盾和变化，社会条件，缺乏组织支持和压力源适度，工作动机和能力不足。研究还考察了体验技术的方式在工作生活质量方面随着工作的重新设计而改变。现象学分析表明，经历数字化是通过重新设计工作来进行技术变革的六种方式：革命性变革，有趣的变革，几乎没有变化，充满不确定性和图像，有趣但压力很大的变革以及这项艰巨的变革。这项研究的主要发现是技术变革可能伴随着社会和组织变革，这些变革对个体工人和单位的工作生活质量产生重大影响，并且不可避免地经历了丰富的工作描述是积极的就知识工作的工作质量而言。这项研究的结果表明，在知识工作中，相同的因素有助于幸福感和诱发压力，这意味着工作重新设计不能再专注于简单地消除压力源，而应着重于平衡工作以适应个人需求。 。这项研究的方法学建议建议使用定性方法，使用多种分析方法以及使用补充性研究策略来研究工作生活质量。该研究的实际意义包括使员工参与技术变革和工作（重新）设计，逐步实施变革，以及为员工提供培训和支持以满足新技能要求。

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    Rintala Niina;

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