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Peaks of Internationalism in Social Engineering: A Transnational History of International Social Reform Associations and Belgian Agency, 1860-1925

机译：社会工程国际主义的高峰：国际社会改革协会和比利时机构的跨国历史，1860-1925年

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Concepts for social reform to create an ideal society model experienced several peaks of international diffusion during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The article enquires into the relationship between the transnational dissemination of ideas and the key carriers of interaction in social reform associations, with a special focus on Belgian actors. Arguing that Belgian key figures in loose personal networks were important driving forces for stimulating and organizing the reform associations, the article analyses the making and development of personalized “ epistemic communities” and the clashes between different orders of allegiance of the actors– knowledge and its distribution, internationalism and nationalism. Starting in the 1850s, we show how non-governmental experts springing from a close network of Belgian actors successfully shaped the social agenda transnationally until the First World War. This heyday of internationalism, in which not only the Belgian state but even more civil-society actors played an important part, declined after 1914. During the post-war era, government-oriented internationalism considered social engineering as an international administrative matter so that the former civil-society agents, especially from the “small big” countries such as Belgium, experienced a decline in influence. In this atmosphere, nationalist experiences and tensions on a political level affected the flourishing pre-war spirit of internationalism in private associations on social engineering. After the war, their role changed significantly. The private associations were used to channel and communicate social reform ideas as expert forums corresponding with the ILO and the League of Nations.

机译：建立理想社会模型的社会改革概念在19世纪后期和20世纪初经历了国际传播的多个高峰。本文探讨了思想的跨国传播与社会改革协会中互动的主要载体之间的关系，特别关注比利时的行为者。比利时人在松散的个人网络中的关键人物是刺激和组织改革协会的重要动力，文章分析了个性化的“认识论社区”的建立和发展以及行为者对知识的忠诚顺序及其分配的不同等级之间的冲突。，国际主义和民族主义。从1850年代开始，我们展示了来自比利时演员的紧密联系的非政府专家如何成功地跨国塑造了社会议程，直到第一次世界大战为止。 1914年以后，国际主义的这个鼎盛时期不仅在比利时国家而且在更多的民间社会参与者中都发挥了重要作用。在战后时代，以政府为导向的国际主义将社会工程学视为国际管理事务，因此，前公民社会的代理，特别是来自比利时等“小国”的公民，其影响力有所下降。在这种气氛下，民族主义的经历和政治上的紧张关系影响了社会工程私人协会中战前国际主义精神的蓬勃发展。战后，他们的角色发生了巨大变化。民间协会被用来作为与国际劳工组织和国际联盟相对应的专家论坛，传播和传播社会改革思想。

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Christian Müller; Jasmien Van Daele;
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年度 2012
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Peaks of Internationalism in Social Engineering: A Transnational History of International Social Reform Associations and Belgian Agency, 1860-1925

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