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Ethics and the economics of Adam Smith and J.S. Mill: On the moral significance of classical economics.

机译：道德与亚当·斯密和J.s.的经济学。密尔：论古典经济学的道德意义。

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摘要

This work examines some of the effects that developments in economic theory might have had on concepts of economic justice that are associated with it. Classical economics, as represented by Adam Smith and J.S. Mill is a good example of models of general equilibrium where moral responsibility cannot be evaded. Indeed, in the ethical analysis of these models- conducted by the same people who suggested them- the role of desert was prominent. Contrary to the general belief that classical economists advocated natural liberty for its moral goodness as much as for its economic efficiency, analysis by desert reveals a serious moral inadequacy of natural liberty. This, in turn, may explain the discrepancy between the received view and the fact that the works of classical economists are sometimes full with moral apprehensions about natural liberty. To reach such conclusions there is a need to re-interpret the works of Smith and Mill at both levels of economics and ethics. The bulk of this work is devoted to that purpose. A new interpretation of Smith's ethics is being offered. It is based on the consistency of human character and on the existence of some 'rationalistic' considerations in his work. Such an interpretation offers an alternative (and more comprehensive) solution to what became to be known as the Adam Smith's problem (old and new). Also, the application of his moral theory to the analysis of actions implies that a correlation must exist between intention and consequences. Thus the moral significance of the proposed spill-over of beneficence derived from the 'invisible hand' mechanism, is questioned. A new interpretation of Smith's economic follows where 'pre-market demand' relates the capitalists' decisions on saving to equilibrium prices. A distinction that has a moral significance is then being drawn between 'market-price' and 'natural price'. The study of Mill's methodology serves as a foundation to interpret some apparent contradictions in his moral theory (the relationship between Utilitarianism and Liberty). Ethology, which is the theory of character formation plays a major role in it. Coupled with Mill's theories of Free-will and Individuality, it is possible to establish a solution to the problems of Utilitarianism and Liberty without expanding the concept of utility. Similar principles are then introduced to Mill's discussion of economic justice. The principle of individuality is being presented in the form of Mill's principle of 'proportional remuneration'. A discussion of his theories of property follows and then, the question of the meaning of 'proportional remuneration' is being put forward. Before, however, an exposition of Mill's economic model in the framework of 'cost of production' general equilibrium is being offered. Then, the principle of proportional remuneration is being investigated. It is also related to a much wider question of the role and meaning of the labour theory of value in classical economics. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
机译：这项工作研究了经济理论的发展可能对与其相关的经济正义概念产生的一些影响。以亚当·史密斯（Adam Smith）和J.S.密尔是无法逃避道德责任的一般均衡模型的一个很好的例子。的确，在对这些模型进行伦理分析时（由建议它们的同一人进行），沙漠的作用十分突出。与通常认为古典经济学家主张自然自由为其道德善良以及其经济效率所倡导的普遍看法相反，对沙漠的分析表明，自然自由存在严重的道德不足。反过来，这可以解释所接受的观点与古典经济学家的作品有时充满对自然自由的道德认识这一事实之间的差异。为了得出这样的结论，有必要在经济学和伦理学两个层面上重新解释史密斯和米尔的著作。这项工作的大部分致力于这一目的。正在提供对史密斯道德的新解释。它基于人格的一致性，并基于他作品中某些“理性主义”的考虑。这种解释为被称为亚当·斯密的问题（旧的和新的）提供了另一种（更全面的）解决方案。同样，他的道德理论在行动分析中的应用意味着意图与后果之间必须存在一种关联。因此，有人质疑从“看不见的手”机制中得出的利益溢出的道德意义。对史密斯经济学的一种新解释是，“市场前需求”将资本家的储蓄决策与均衡价格联系起来。然后在“市场价格”和“自然价格”之间划出具有道德意义的区别。密尔的方法论研究为解释其道德理论中的一些明显矛盾（功利主义与自由之间的关系）奠定了基础。伦理学是性格形成理论，在其中起着主要作用。结合密尔的自由意志和个性理论，有可能在不扩大效用概念的情况下为功利主义和自由问题建立解决方案。然后将类似的原理引入到密尔对经济正义的讨论中。个性化原则以密尔“比例薪酬”原则的形式提出。随后讨论了他的财产理论，然后提出了“比例报酬”的含义问题。但是，在此之前，人们已经在“生产成本”的总体均衡框架内对密尔的经济模型进行了阐述。然后，正在研究按比例支付的原则。这也与劳动价值论在古典经济学中的作用和意义的更广泛的问题有关。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）。

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    Witztum Amos;

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  • 年度 1992
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