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首页> 外文OA文献 >Aridification of the Indian subcontinent during the Holocene : implications for landscape evolution, sedimentation, carbon cycle, and human civilizations
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Aridification of the Indian subcontinent during the Holocene : implications for landscape evolution, sedimentation, carbon cycle, and human civilizations

机译：全新世期间印度次大陆的干旱化：对景观演变，沉积，碳循环和人类文明的影响

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The Indian monsoon affects the livelihood of over one billion people. Despite the importance of climate to society, knowledge of long-term monsoon variability is limited. This thesis provides Holocene records of monsoon variability, using sediment cores from river-dominated margins of the Bay of Bengal (off the Godavari River) and the Arabian Sea (off the Indus River). Carbon isotopes of terrestrial plant leaf waxes ([delta]¹³Cwax) preserved in sediment provide integrated and regionally extensive records of flora for both sites. For the Godavari River basin the ([delta]¹³Cwax record shows a gradual increase in aridity-adapted vegetation from ~4,000 until 1,700 years ago followed by the persistence of aridity-adapted plants to the present. The oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera from this site indicates drought-prone conditions began as early as -3,000 years BP. The aridity record also allowed examination of relationships between hydroclimate and terrestrial carbon discharge to the ocean. Comparison of radiocarbon measurements of sedimentary plant waxes with planktonic foraminifera reveal increasing age offsets starting -4,000 yrs BP, suggesting that increased aridity slows carbon cycling and/or transport rates. At the second site, a seismic survey of the Indus River subaqueous delta describes the morphology and Holocene sedimentation of the Pakistani shelf and identified suitable coring locations for paleoclimate reconstructions. The ([delta]¹³Cwax record shows a stable arid climate over the dry regions of the Indus plain and a terrestrial biome dominated by C₄ vegetation for the last 6,000 years. As the climate became more arid ~4,000 years, sedentary agriculture took hold in central and south India while the urban Harappan civilization collapsed in the already arid Indus basin. This thesis integrates marine and continental records to create regionally extensive paleoenvironmental reconstructions that have implications for landscape evolution, sedimentation, the terrestrial organic carbon cycle, and prehistoric human civilizations in the Indian subcontinent.
机译：印度季风影响着超过十亿人口的生计。尽管气候对社会很重要，但长期季风变异性的知识仍然有限。本文利用来自孟加拉湾（戈达瓦里河对岸）和阿拉伯海（印度河对岸）河流为主的边缘的沉积物岩芯，提供了全新世季风变化的记录。保存在沉积物中的陆生植物叶蜡的碳同位素（δ13 Cwax）为这两个地点的植物区系提供了完整且区域广泛的记录。对于戈达瓦里河流域，（δ13 Cwax记录显示，从约4,000年到1,700年前，适应干旱的植被逐渐增加，之后一直存在适应干旱的植物。由此产生的浮游有孔虫的氧同位素组成该地点表明干旱易发生的条件早在－ 3,000年BP。干旱记录还允许检查水气候与陆地向海洋的碳排放之间的关系。沉积植物蜡与浮游有孔虫的放射性碳测量结果比较显示年龄偏移开始增加- 4,000年BP，这表明干旱加剧会减缓碳循环和/或运移速度；在第二处，印度河下游水相三角洲的地震勘测描述了巴基斯坦陆架的形态和全新世沉积，并确定了适合古气候重建的取芯位置。 （δ13 Cwax记录显示了整个在过去的6,000年中，印度河平原的干旱地区和以C₄植被为主的陆地生物群落。随着气候变得越来越干旱，约4000年，久坐的农业在印度中部和南部占了上风，而哈拉潘文明在已经干旱的印度河流域崩溃了。本文将海洋和大陆记录整合在一起，以创建区域广泛的古环境重建，这些重建对印度次大陆的景观演变，沉积，陆地有机碳循环和史前人类文明都有影响。

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    Ponton Camilo;

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  • 年度 2012
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