An apparatus comprises a first processing node configured to participate in a consensus protocol with a plurality of additional processing nodes. The first processing node is further configured in conjunction with its participation in the consensus protocol to implement repeated polling of respective selected subsets of the additional processing nodes, to resolve a state for a given transaction to a particular one of a plurality of possible states for the given transaction responsive to results of the repeated polling; and to initiate at least one automated action based at least in part on the resolved state for the given transaction. In some embodiments, the first processing node utilizes the results of the repeated polling to maintain a directed acyclic graph or other data structure of transactions that characterizes relationships between the given transaction and a plurality of other transactions.
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