亚种间杂交稻

摘要： 为了明确两系亚种间杂交水稻组合主要农艺性状、产量性状以及品质性状的杂种优势,以广亲和两系不育系9311S的40个中熟中粳稻及由其配置的40个杂交F1为材料,分析播始天数、株高、穗长、单株有效穗数、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒质量、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、单株产量、糙米率、长宽比、粒长、粒宽、透明度、垩白粒率、垩白度等18个性状的超优亲优势和竞争优势表现.结果表明,生育期存在正向超亲优势和竞争优势.株高、穗长、单株有效穗数、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、单株产量等8个性状存在正向超优亲优势和竞争优势,而结实率与千粒质量表现出负向超亲优势和竞争优势.品质性状中长宽比、粒长和垩白粒率存在正向超优亲优势,而糙米率、粒宽、透明度、垩白度表现出负向超优亲优势.长宽比、粒长存在正向竞争优势,糙米率、粒宽、透明度、垩白粒率、垩白度表现出负向竞争优势.与父本相比,两系亚种间杂交组合的一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数以及穗粒数明显增加,但是结实率和千粒质量明显降低,提高父本千粒质量是恢复系产量性状改良的重点.杂交组合品质优于父本是因为杂种的粒型变长,粒宽变窄,长宽比增加,有利于提升稻米的品质.

摘要： 为进一步探索干物质转化率低的原因,探求生物学产量潜力与籽粒产量潜力的协调机制,该研究以1个父本(R292),3个母本(Y58S、培矮64S、83S),3个亚种间杂交组合(Y58S/292、培矮64S/292、83S/292)和对照(岳优9113)为材料,探讨母本与组合光合产物性状的相关性.结果表明,所有供试材料各个时期的可溶性糖与淀粉含量的变化呈动态趋势,可溶性糖含量以黄熟期最低,淀粉含量以黄熟期较高;母本性状与组合性状存在着显著的正相关性;4个部位中,均以茎秆穗颈可溶性糖含量最高,茎鞘和剑叶相对较低.该研究为亚种间杂交稻生物学优势与产量平衡机制的研究提供理论依据.

摘要： Chunyou 84 is an indica-japonica hybrid rice combination developed from Chunjiang 16A, a late japonica CMS line with early anthesis time, and C84, an indi-ca-japonica intermediate type restorer line with wide compatibility. It has the charac-teristics of high yield potential, high seed production, excel ent agronomic characters, good resistance and wide adaptability. It was registered and released by Zhejiang Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in March, 2013. The breeding proce-dure, characteristics, major techniques of cultivation and seed production of Chunyou 84 were introduced in this paper.%春优84是利用早花时晚粳不育系春江16A 与籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系 C84配组育成的粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻新组合。该组合具有产量潜力大、制种产量高、综合农艺性状优良、抗瘟性较好、适应性广等优点，2013年3月通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。介绍了该组合的选育过程、主要特征特性、栽培技术及制种技术要点。

摘要： 亚种间杂交稻杂种优势利用是实现水稻超高产育种的一条重要途径,但其干物质转化率低成为亚种间杂交稻获得高产的瓶颈.为了进一步探索干物质转化率低的原因,探求生物学产量潜力与籽粒产量潜力的协调机制,以1个父本(R292),3个母本(Y58S、培矮64S、83S),3个亚种间杂交组合(Y58S/292、培矮64S/292、83S/292)和对照(岳优9113)为材料,研究了母本与组合光合产物性状的相关性.结果表明:(1)所有供试材料各个时期的可溶性糖与淀粉含量的变化呈动态趋势,可溶性糖含量以黄熟期最低,淀粉含量以黄熟期较高;(2)母本性状与组合性状存在着显著的正相关性;(3)4个部位中,均以茎秆穗颈可溶性糖含量最高,茎鞘和剑叶相对较低.

摘要： 【目的】旨在明确稻麦两熟制地区超高产栽培条件下甬优系列籼粳杂交稻不同冠层叶形组合产量差异及其形成机理。【方法】2011-2012年，在长江下游稻麦两熟制地区（江苏常熟、扬州）选用甬优系列冠叶适中型组合A26/F9250、A16/F9250、甬优12、甬优13与冠叶过长型组合A43/F8585、A41/F8585、甬优15、甬优11为试验材料，在超高产栽培条件下，系统研究了二者产量构成因素特征、茎鞘物质积累与转运机制、叶片光合特性和强、弱势粒灌浆特性等方面的差异。【结果】（1）两年、两点的试验均表明，籼粳亚种间杂交稻冠叶适中型产量明显高于冠叶过长型组合，2011年常熟、2011年扬州、2012年常熟和2012年扬州冠叶适中型组合实际产量分别达11.62、11.98、12.51、和12.30 t·hm-2，较冠叶过长型组合分别增产8.85%、9.75%、9.60%和10.26%。与冠叶过长型组合相比，冠叶适中型组合有效穗数略多，每穗粒数明显多，群体颖花量大、饱粒千粒重小，最大库容重与冠叶过长型组合相当，但籽粒充实度明显高，说明冠叶适中型组合较冠叶过长型组合增产的主要原因为籽粒充实度的提高。（2）冠叶适中型组合抽穗期单茎茎鞘重、乳熟期单茎茎鞘重、抽穗至成熟期的茎鞘表观输出量、表观输出率和表观转运率低于冠叶过长型组合，但成熟期单茎茎鞘重、抽穗至乳熟期的最大输出量、最大输出率、最大转运率均高于冠叶过长型组合。说明冠叶适中型组合在结实期具有合理的茎鞘物质转运机制。（3）与冠叶特长型组合相比，冠叶适中型组合叶面积指数抽穗期稍低，乳熟期相当，成熟期明显高；净光合速率在抽穗期和乳熟期相当，在成熟期明显高；光合势在抽穗期至乳熟期相当，乳熟至成熟期明显高；叶面积衰减率和净光合速率衰减率在抽穗至乳熟期以及乳熟至成熟期均明显高。说明冠叶适中型组合结实后期光合生产具有优势。（4）与冠叶过长型组合相比，冠叶适中型组合强势粒起始生长势（R0）高、达到相对最大灌浆速率的时间（Tmax）推迟、活>灌浆期（D）和有效灌浆时间（T99）延长，相对最大灌浆速率（RGRmax）和相对平均灌浆速率（RGRmean）略低，终极充实度（A）高；冠叶适中型组合弱势粒R0低，Tmax推迟，D和T99延长，RGRmax和RGRmean略高， A也明显高。【结论】在稻麦两熟制稻区超高产栽培条件下，甬优系列冠叶适中型组合具有明显的产量优势；结实期合理的茎鞘物质转运机制、较强的光合生产性能和平缓持久的灌浆特性是该类组合产量优势形成的主要生理基础。%Objective]The objective of this study was to reveal the difference of grain yield and its formation mechanism between clown leaf moderate type(CLMT) and clown leaf long type(CLLT) of Yongyou series of indica-japonica-hybrid-rice under the super high yield cultivation conditions. [Method] A field experiment was conducted with CLMT combination such as A26/F9250, A16/F9250, Yongyou 12, Yongyou 13 and CLLT combination such as A43/F8585, A41/F8585, Yongyou 15, Yongyou 11 as materials in rice-wheat cropping areas (Yangzhou, Changshu of Jiangsu) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2011-2012. Difference in grain yield, the sink structure, stem and sheath material accumulation and transfer, photosynthetic characteristics and superior and inferior grain-filling characteristics between CLMT and CLLT of indica-japonica hybrid rice were analyzed systematically. [Result] Under the super high yield cultivation conditions, the grain yield of CLMT was significantly higher than that of CLLT, the yields of CLMT were 11.62 t·hm-2(Changshu, 2011), 11.98 t·hm-2(Yangzhou, 2011), 12.51 t·hm-2(Changshu, 2011), and 12.30 t·hm-2(Yangzhou, 2011), and were 8.85%, 9.75%, 9.60%, and 10.26%higher than those of CLLT, respectively. Effective panicles, effective spikelets per panicle, total spikelets of the CLMT were higher than those of CLLT. Total sink weight of CLMT was equal with CLLT, while 1000-grain weight, filling index of the CLMT were lower than those of CLLT. It was indicated that the increasement of filling index was the key point of higher yield of CLMT. Stem and sheath weight at heading and milky stages, stem and sheath apparent output, apparent output rate, apparent transfer rate from heading to maturity of CLMT were lower than that of CLLT, but stem and sheath weight in maturity, the maximum output, the maximum output rate, maximum transport rate from heading to milk stage of CLMT was higher than those of CLLT. It was found that translocation mechanism of stem and sheath of CLMT was more reasonable than those of CLLT. Leaf area index of CLMT was lower than that of CLLT at heading stage, and equal to that of CLLT at milk stage, and higher than that of CLLT at maturity . Photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of CLMT was equal to that of CLLT at heading and milk stages, and was higher than that of CLLT at maturity stage. Leaf area duration of CLMT was equal to that of CLLT from heading stage to milk stage and was higher than that of CLLT from milky stage to maturity stage. The decreasing rate of leaf area and photosynthetic rate of CLMT were lower than those of CLLT both from heading to milk stage and from milk stage to maturity. It was indicated that CLMT had photosynthetic production advantages during the late solid phase. For superior grain, initial growth power (Ro), time of the relative maximum grain filling rate (Tmax), active grain filling period (D) and effective filling time (T99) of CLMT were higher or longer than those of CLLT, while the relative maximum grain filling rate (RGRmax), the relative average grain filling rate (RGRmean) in superior grain of CLMT were lower slightly than those of CLLT. For inferior grain, RO of CLMT was lower than that of CLLT, while Tmax, D, T99, RGRmax, RGRmean of CLMT were longer or higher than those of CLLT. Both for superior grain and for inferior grain, the grain filling rate of CLMT was higher than those of CLLT. [Conclusion]Under the mechanized and simplified super high cultivation conditions, there was no big difference in total sink weight between CLMT and CLLT, but matter translocation of stem and sheath at early grain filling stage, photosynthetic characteristics at later grain filling stage of CLMT were higher than that of CLLT, therefore,the grain filling rate and yield of CLMT were higher than that of CLLT. Reasonable stem sheath matter transport mechanism, strong photosynthetic production performance and gentle lasting filling characteristics were the mainly physiological basis of the formation of the yield advantage.

摘要： 通过常规有性杂交育种途径，于2009年培育出具有超亲和性和特异遗传效应的光温敏核不育系SGW286S。2011年培育成功偏籼和偏粳型籼粳亚种间杂交稻。2013年在广西马山和上林进行10亩以上作连晚栽培示范，无论单产、抗倒力、抗病性均已超越当前生产上应用的品种间杂交稻。

摘要： 籼粳亚种间杂交稻在光合产物积累上表现出与品种间杂交稻和常规稻的明显优势,但干物质转化率低成为籼粳亚种间杂交稻获得高产的瓶颈。为了使亚种间杂交稻干物质转化率与生物产量之间达到平衡,本综述从亚种间杂交稻干物质转化的影响因素(亚种间杂交稻的生理特性、栽培措施、生态条件、形态特征、遗传机理、分子生物学)等方面进行了简要概述,并就亚种间杂交稻的源库流特征和细胞活性因子,总结了各影响因子与亚种间杂交稻干物质转化存在的相关性,因此提出对籼粳亚种间杂交稻干物质分配与筛管结构和细胞活性相关性研究的必要性。

摘要： This essay gave a brief introduction of the research on photosynthetic characteristics ,photosynthate matter accu-mulation and distribution of Indica/Japonica hybrid rice .In addition, the necessity of the research on their relationship between photosynthate matter accumulation as well as distribution and plant lodging resistance of the hybrids were presen -ted on account of lodging problems of plant .%对籼粳亚种间杂交稻的光合特性、光合产物积累与分配的影响因素与提高路径等方面的研究进行了简要概述，并就籼粳亚种间杂交稻常出现的倒伏问题，提出对籼粳亚种间杂交稻光合产物积累及分配与植株抗倒伏能力关系进行研究的必要性。

摘要： 以籼粳杂交稻有代表性的品种甬优11、甬优12、甬优13、甬优15、甬优17为试材,通过栽培措施的调控,形成超高产(产量≥12.0 t hm-2)和高产(10.5 t hm-2≤产量＜12.0 t hm-2)群体.比较研究其特征表明,与高产群体比,超高产群体的总颖花量极显著提高,而结实率和千粒重略降低;平均每穗粒数极显著提高,并且一、二次枝粳数以及粒数显著或极显著提高;拔节期的干物重略低,但抽穗期和成熟期的干物重均显著或极显著提高;其有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期的生长平稳,无效分蘖发生少,高峰苗低,拔节期以后茎蘖数下降平缓,成穗率、叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累量等均较高;基部第1、第2、第3节间的茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度及基部第1、第2、第3节间的弯曲力矩、抗折力均显著或极显著提高,且倒伏指数减小.

摘要： [目的]研究外源生长素(IAA)对亚种间杂交稻籽粒生理活性和结实率的影响.[方法]以亚种间超级杂交稻组合两优培九为材料,观察IAA对灌浆初期籽粒中ATP酶活性和淀粉酶活性的提高效应以及对实粒数的增加效应.[结果]外源生长素IAA在低浓度时能促进灌浆初期杂交稻籽粒中三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活性和淀粉酶活性,促进茎秆叶片上的营养物质转运到籽粒中去.在高浓度下则能显著增加弱势粒中的实粒数.[结论]外源生长素能为解决亚种间杂交稻籽粒充实不良问题提供新的有效途径.%[Objective] The objective was to study the effects of the exogenous IAA on the physiological activities and seed setting rate in the grain of intersubspecific hybrid rice "Liangyoupeijiu". [Method] With the intersubspecific super hybrid rice "Liangyoupeijiu" as the tested material , the increasing effect of IAA on the ATPase activity and amylase activity in the grains at the early grain filling stage and its adding effect on the seed setting rate were investigated. [ Result] The exogenous IAA at low concn. Could improve the ATPase activity and amylase activity in the grain of the hybrid rice at the early grain filling stage and promote the transport of the nutrients in the stem leaves to the grain. The exogenous IAA at high concn. Could increase the seed setting rate of the inferior grains. [Conclusion] The application of exogenous IAA could provide the new effective way for solving the problem of poor grain plumpness of inferior grains in the intersubspecific hybrid rice.

摘要： 本发明涉及一种短生育期粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻的选育方法，该方法包括：利用短生育期粳稻材料春江32与感光型晚粳保持系杂交，并经多代自交，选育得到综合农艺性状优良、全生育期与春江32相仿的短生育期粳稻保持系材料春江27B。以感光型晚粳不育系为母本、春江27B为父本杂交得到F

摘要： 本申请涉及到杂交水稻育种领域，尤其涉及一种淡绿叶三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻的选育方法及不育系和籼粳中间型恢复系的选育方法。本申请的第一个目的是提供一种淡绿叶三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻的选育方法，该方法获得产量高、叶色淡绿、后期转色好的三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻新品种。本申请的第二个目的是提供一种淡绿叶三系不育系的选育方法，该方法选育出不育特性稳定、开花习性好、异交结实率高、株叶形态优良的淡绿叶三系不育系。本申请的第三个目的是提供一种淡绿叶籼粳中间型恢复系的选育方法，该方法选育出株叶形态好、农艺性状优良、恢复性好的淡绿叶籼粳中间型恢复系。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种籼不粳恢亚种间杂交稻选育方法，提出了根据育种目标利用杂交聚合与测交筛选交替渐进式育种方法，通过多种育种技术的集成，选育聚合了广亲和基因、雄性不育细胞质恢复基因及多类功能基因的粳型广亲和恢复系，在与籼稻三系、二系不育系配制籼粳亚种间杂交稻组合时，能有效地解决籼粳杂种一代结率低、植株过高、生育期太长和籽粒充实度不好等难题，为选育直接利用亚种间强大杂种优势的籼粳杂交稻提供有效的育种途径与方法，实用于水稻三系法、二系法亚种间杂种优势利用研究领域。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种迟花时偏籼型广亲和恢复系与粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻的选育方法，以迟花时偏粳型恢复系G230为母本，较早花时偏籼型广亲和恢复系春恢58为父本杂交并加代，对F

摘要： 一种利用两系法培育亚种间杂交稻的方法，包括安全隔离、适期播种、合理密植、适宜行比、调节花期、合理使用“920”、人工辅助授粉、防治粒黑粉病、去杂去劣配套措施，其特征在于利用灿粳中间型且具广亲和性的低温敏不育系培矮64S作母本，与籼稻品种9311作父本杂交配组成，从而利用亚种间杂种优势。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种短生育期粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻的选育方法，该方法包括：利用短生育期粳稻材料春江32与感光型晚粳保持系杂交，并经多代自交，选育得到综合农艺性状优良、全生育期与春江32相仿的短生育期粳稻保持系材料春江27B。以感光型晚粳不育系为母本、春江27B为父本杂交得到F1，并以春江27B为轮回亲本，连续回交5~7代获得不育特性稳定的短生育期粳稻三系不育系春江27A。最后以春江27A为母本，与籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系进行配组，获得短生育期粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻。本发明获得的杂交稻感温性较强，生育期较短，且产量无明显下降。确保了优良性状的同时缩短了籼粳亚种间杂交稻的生育期，扩大了籼粳亚种间杂交稻的种植范围。

摘要： 本申请涉及到杂交水稻育种领域，尤其涉及一种淡绿叶三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻的选育方法及不育系和籼粳中间型恢复系的选育方法。本申请的第一个目的是提供一种淡绿叶三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻的选育方法，该方法获得产量高、叶色淡绿、后期转色好的三系籼粳亚种间杂交稻新品种。本申请的第二个目的是提供一种淡绿叶三系不育系的选育方法，该方法选育出不育特性稳定、开花习性好、异交结实率高、株叶形态优良的淡绿叶三系不育系。本申请的第三个目的是提供一种淡绿叶籼粳中间型恢复系的选育方法，该方法选育出株叶形态好、农艺性状优良、恢复性好的淡绿叶籼粳中间型恢复系。

摘要： 本发明公开了一种籼不粳恢亚种间杂交稻选育方法，提出了根据育种目标利用杂交聚合与测交筛选交替渐进式育种方法，通过多种育种技术的集成，选育聚合了广亲和基因、雄性不育细胞质恢复基因及多类功能基因的粳型广亲和恢复系，在与籼稻三系、二系不育系配制籼粳亚种间杂交稻组合时，能有效地解决籼粳杂种一代结率低、植株过高、生育期太长和籽粒充实度不好等难题，为选育直接利用亚种间强大杂种优势的籼粳杂交稻提供有效的育种途径与方法，实用于水稻三系法、二系法亚种间杂种优势利用研究领域。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种迟花时偏籼型广亲和恢复系与粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻的选育方法，以迟花时偏粳型恢复系G230为母本，较早花时偏籼型广亲和恢复系春恢58为父本杂交并加代，对F

摘要： 一种利用两系法培育亚种间杂交稻两优培九组合的方法,包括安全隔离、适期播种、合理密植、适宜行比、调节花期、合理使用“920”、人工辅助授粉、防治粒黑粉病、去杂去劣配套措施,其特征在于利用籼粳中间型且具广亲和性的低温敏不育系培矮64S作母本,与籼稻品种9311作父本杂交配组成两优培九组合,从而利用亚种间杂种优势。