1.We developed the spiral filling upsetting method as an upsetting system that allows new complex shapes of and high-precision regarding the axial tension bolt. The effectiveness of this new method was also verified. 2. Regarding upsetting that follows shearing, we gained new insight into methods to control buckling patterns as well as expanded the region where upsetting can be applied. In addition, this new spiral filling upsetting method is already being used with four types of engines and has been incorporated into the production of new engines from June of 1997. Plans call for further expansion of this technology in the future as it reduces production costs by half, thus facilitating the prevention of global warming by improving world-wide competition and reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, not only did this new development allow us to gain new insight into bolt design, but it also confirmed that it is possible to apply this technology to the shaping of other parts as well. Finally, we would like to thank Professor Kazuyoshi Kondo of the University of Nagoya's Department of Engineering and Professor Takeo Nakagawa of the University of Tokyo's Institute of Industrial Science along with all those in related divisions here at Toyota Motor Corporation for their cooperation and support.
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