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首页> 外文会议>220th American Chemical Society, Meeting 2000 Washington, D.C. >Field Studies of Imidacloprid Distribution Following Application to Soil through a Drip Irrigation System
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Field Studies of Imidacloprid Distribution Following Application to Soil through a Drip Irrigation System

机译：通过滴灌系统将吡虫啉分布应用于土壤的现场研究

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Both surface and subsurface drip irrigation can reduce overland flow and thereby reduce surface transport of pesticides. Little is known, however, about leaching of pesticides when applied via drip systems. A series of experiments were conducted over several years to characterize the horizontal and vertical distribution of imidacloprid [1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine] in an experimental hop yard under subsurface drip irrigation. The insecticide was applied once by injection directly into the irrigation pipe buried 45-60 cm deep on each side of a hop vine row. Water exited the pipe through labyrinth emitters spaced at 90-cm intervals. Soil profiles of either 105 cm or 150 cm in depth were collected at various times following chemigation to characterize imidacloprid distribution hi successive 15-cm soil layers. Imidacloprid residues were mostly confined to soil profiles collected within a 30-cm radial distance from an emitter. When irrigation occurred on a 4-h daily time schedule (treatment 4H), imidacloprid leached to the lowest depths sampled (105 or 150 cm). Imidacloprid leaching was comparatively less extensive in two of the three trials that studied irrigation scheduling triggered on and off by soil moisture sensors recognizing pre-defined soil matric potentials (irrigation treatment MP). Pseudo-first order half-lives of imidacloprid ranged from 18 d in 4H treatments to 31 d in MP treatments. All dissipation rates were faster than previously reported for field studies at other locations. The effect of analyzing duplicate profile samples individually rather than analyzing them as bulked composites was investigated in a randomized treatment design experiment. Individual analyses of replicate plot duplicates significantly lowered the overall treatment mean standard deviation, suggesting an improved potential for resolving differences in residue distributions that may result from changes in irrigation management practices.
机译：地面和地下滴灌均可减少陆上流量，从而减少农药的地面运输。然而，关于通过滴灌系统进行农药浸出的知之甚少。几年来进行了一系列实验，以表征地下滴灌条件下吡虫啉[1-[（6-氯-3-吡啶基甲基）]-N-硝基-2-咪唑啉亚胺的水平和垂直分布灌溉。将杀虫剂直接注射到埋在啤酒花藤行两边深45-60厘米的灌溉管中。水通过迷宫式喷头以90厘米的间隔离开管道。在化学迁移后的不同时间收集深度为105厘米或150厘米的土壤剖面，以表征吡虫啉在连续15厘米土壤层中的分布。吡虫啉残留物大多局限于距发射器径向距离为30 cm的土壤剖面中。当每天进行4小时灌溉（处理4H）时，吡虫啉浸出到采样的最低深度（105或150 cm）。在三项试验中，吡虫啉的淋溶作用相对较弱，这三项研究研究了土壤水分传感器识别预先确定的土壤基质潜力（灌溉处理MP）而触发的灌溉程序。吡虫啉的伪一阶半衰期从4H处理的18 d到MP处理的31 d。所有耗散率都比以前在其他地方进行的实地研究报告的要快。在随机处理设计实验中研究了分别分析重复轮廓样本而不是将其分析为膨松复合材料的效果。对重复样地重复进行的单独分析显着降低了整体处理的平均标准偏差，这表明解决灌溉管理实践可能导致的残渣分布差异的潜力得到了提高。

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