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首页> 外文会议>37th Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Australia Inc., Nov 27-30, 2001, Sydney, NSW >Learning about New Technology: Layperson Mental Models
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Learning about New Technology: Layperson Mental Models

机译：学习新技术：Layperson心理模型

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摘要

Increasingly lay people are interacting and attempting to acquire proficiency in technical devices and systems without instruction. Technology is no longer the domain of a small computer sub-culture but is encompassing every aspect of daily life, and requiring people of very different age, education, ability, and experience to utilise technical devices. It would appear that in many cases designers have failed to adequately consider usability issues when designing these devices and systems for lay populations. Norman (1988) has suggested several key design principles to aid the design of everyday tasks. These include simplification, affordances, mappings, constraints and intuitiveness. Recent theoretical developments into the acquisition of mental models provides a useful means for drawing out how these properties of a device interact with the users' mental model in an iterative process to produce an adaptive representation. Practical intelligence may have use here in accounting for individual differences to adapt in an environment where common sense is more important than academic skills. Through an integration of these literatures usability researchers would be able to identify incompatibilities between system image and designer and user mental models, thereby enabling devices and systems to be better suited to particular user groups. Such issues are likely to continue to be the utmost importance as cognitive demands and the number of technical devices increase over the 21st century.
机译：越来越多的外行人在没有指导的情况下进行交互并试图熟练掌握技术设备和系统。技术不再是小型计算机亚文化的领域，而是涵盖了日常生活的方方面面，并且要求年龄，教育程度，能力和经验截然不同的人们使用技术设备。似乎在许多情况下，设计人员在为非专业人员设计这些设备和系统时，未能充分考虑可用性问题。 Norman（1988）提出了一些关键的设计原则，以辅助日常任务的设计。这些包括简化，负担，映射，约束和直观性。心智模型获取的最新理论发展为绘制设备的这些属性如何在迭代过程中与用户的心智模型相互作用以产生自适应表示提供了有用的手段。在这里，实践智慧可以用来解决个体差异，以适应常识比学术技能更重要的环境。通过整合这些文献，可用性研究人员将能够识别系统图像与设计人员和用户心理模型之间的不兼容性，从而使设备和系统更适合特定的用户群体。在21世纪，随着认知需求和技术设备数量的增加，此类问题可能将继续成为最重要的问题。

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