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首页> 外文会议>American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE) International Conference on Pipeline Engineering and Construction v.2; 20030713-20030716; Baltimore,MD; US >Houston's Hidden Tunnels; Trials and Tribulations of Large Diameter Tunnels
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Houston's Hidden Tunnels; Trials and Tribulations of Large Diameter Tunnels

机译：休斯顿的隐藏隧道；大直径隧道的试验和磨碎

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From the described tunnel problems several lessons should be learned: 1. Potential exists to damage the carrier pipe while grouting longer tunnel lengths even when using low density grout. As a result, regardless of the grout material being used: 1.1 The grouting effort should be monitored for pressures and volume of material being pumped. 1.2 The grout should be placed in multiple lifts to prevent buoyancy forces from distorting the carrier pipe and minimize the pressures used to pump the grout. 1.3 The dewatering system should remain operational until after the grouting effort is complete to avoid trying to displace water with the injected grout. 2. Variations in the subsurface condition are always a possibility. However, when dealing with known mixed faced conditions, additional precautions should be implemented. These include: 2.1 Better understanding the recent past (over the last few hundred years as opposed to millenniums) geological stratification and the associated risks when constructing within these stratifications. 2.2 When soil information cannot be obtained in the immediate vicinity of the excavation, soils information needs to be supplemented by more than the usual investigative efforts. 2.3 Identification of weak structural material must be complemented with identification of the anticipated limits of the weak material similar to what is done when groundwater is anticipated. 3. When crossing large bodies of water, the clearances between the outside dimension of the tunnel excavation and the surrounding obstacle additional consideration should be given to; 3.1 The stability of the adjacent soils. When unstable soils may be encountered, the minimum clearance should be increased to at least one and a half (1-1/2) tunnel diameters to provide for some "arching" of the soils above the excavation zone. 3.2 The contour of the bottom. The actual bottom elevation should be confirmed for more than the area immediately above the excavation with soundings or other similar surveying techniques. This effort can help better predict the amount of material over the excavation zone. This information can also be correlated to the type of soil material that might be present.
机译：从所描述的隧道问题中，应该吸取一些教训：1.即使在使用低密度灌浆的情况下，注浆更长的隧道长度时，也有可能损坏输送管。结果，无论使用哪种灌浆材料：1.1应监测灌浆的工作量，以了解所泵送的物料的压力和体积。 1.2灌浆应放置在多个升降机中，以防止浮力使输送管变形并使泵送灌浆的压力降至最低。 1.3脱水系统应保持运转，直到完成注浆工作为止，以避免尝试用注入的水泥浆置换水。 2.地下条件的变化总是可能的。但是，当处理已知的混合条件时，应采取其他预防措施。其中包括：2.1在这些分层中进行构建时，应更好地了解最近的过去（相对于千年而言，是过去几百年）的地质分层。 2.2如果在开挖附近无法获得土壤信息，则需要比通常的调查工作更多地补充土壤信息。 2.3识别薄弱的结构材料必须与识别薄弱的材料的预期极限相辅相成，类似于预期地下水的情况。 3.穿越大型水域时，应进一步考虑隧道开挖的外部尺寸与周围障碍物之间的间隙； 3.1邻近土壤的稳定性。当遇到不稳定的土壤时，最小间隙应增加到至少一个隧道直径的一半（1-1 / 2），以使开挖区上方的土壤有些“拱形”。 3.2底部轮廓。应使用测深仪或其他类似的勘测技术来确定实际底部高度，而不是直接在开挖区域上方。这项工作可以帮助更好地预测挖掘区域的物料量。该信息还可以与可能存在的土壤物质的类型相关。

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