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A maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic applications

机译：光伏应用的最大功率点跟踪算法

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The voltage and current characteristic of a photovoltaic (PV) cell is highly nonlinear and operating a PV cell for maximum power transfer has been a challenge for a long time. Several techniques have been proposed to estimate and track the maximum power point (MPP) in order to improve the overall efficiency of a PV panel. A strategic use of the mean value theorem permits obtaining an analytical expression for a point that lies in a close neighborhood of the true MPP. But hitherto, an exact solution in closed form for the MPP is not published. This problem can be formulated analytically as a constrained optimization, which can be solved using the Lagrange method. This method results in a system of simultaneous nonlinear equations. Solving them directly is quite difficult. However, we can employ a recursive algorithm to yield a reasonably good solution. In graphical terms, suppose the voltage current characteristic and the constant power contours are plotted on the same voltage current plane, the point of tangency between the device characteristic and the constant power contours is the sought for MPP. It is subject to change with the incident irradiation and temperature and hence the algorithm that attempts to maintain the MPP should be adaptive in nature and is supposed to have fast convergence and the least misadjustment. There are two parts in its implementation. First, one needs to estimate the MPP. The second task is to have a DC-DC converter to match the given load to the MPP thus obtained. Availability of power electronics circuits made it possible to design efficient converters. In this paper although we do not show the results from a real circuit, we use MATLAB to obtain the MPP and a buck-boost converter to match the load. Under varying conditions of load resistance and irradiance we demonstrate MPP tracking in case of a commercially available solar panel MSX-60. The power electronics circuit is simulated by PSIM software.
机译：光伏（PV）电池的电压和电流特性是高度非线性的，长期以来，为最大功率传输而运行PV电池一直是一个挑战。已经提出了几种技术来估计和跟踪最大功率点（MPP），以提高PV面板的整体效率。平均值定理的策略性使用允许获得位于真实MPP紧密相邻点的解析表达式。但是迄今为止，MPP的封闭形式的精确解决方案尚未发布。可以将这个问题解析为受约束的优化，可以使用Lagrange方法解决。该方法导致联立非线性方程组。直接解决它们非常困难。但是，我们可以采用递归算法来产生合理的解决方案。用图形表示，假设在相同的电压电流平面上绘制了电压电流特性和恒定功率轮廓，则MPP寻求器件特性和恒定功率轮廓之间的切线点。它会随入射辐射和温度的变化而变化，因此尝试维护MPP的算法本质上应该是自适应的，并且应该具有快速收敛性和最小的失调。它的实现分为两个部分。首先，需要估算MPP。第二项任务是使DC-DC转换器将给定的负载与由此获得的MPP相匹配。电力电子电路的可用性使设计高效的转换器成为可能。在本文中，虽然我们没有显示真实电路的结果，但我们使用MATLAB获得了MPP，并使用了一个降压-升压转换器来匹配负载。在负载电阻和辐照度变化的条件下，我们演示了在市售太阳能电池板MSX-60情况下的MPP跟踪。电力电子电路通过PSIM软件进行仿真。

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