The future forces of change for the construction sector - a global perspective

机译：全球建筑业变革的未来力量

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All organisations, whether they are engineering and design consultants, contractors, or manufacturers and suppliers in the construction sector, need a strategy to survive, grow and succeed in a rapidly changing world. This paper identifies nine drivers that are impacting construction organisations. These drivers emanate from political, environmental, technological, social and economic changes impacting the global economy. In facing change, there is a need to balance the internal juxtaposition of change and continuity. The error made by some organisations is that they see all the new technology and materials and feel it must be used as soon as possible. Stopping to develop a strategy is important; it provides the framework to implement a plan for the future whilst maintaining the goals and the direction of the organisation.

机译：所有组织，无论是建筑设计领域的工程和设计顾问，承包商还是制造商和供应商，都需要制定战略，以在瞬息万变的世界中生存，发展并取得成功。本文确定了影响建筑组织的九个驱动因素。这些驱动因素来自影响全球经济的政治，环境，技术，社会和经济变化。在面对变化时，需要平衡变化和连续性的内部并列。一些组织的错误是他们看到了所有新技术和新材料，并认为必须尽快使用它。停止制定策略很重要；它提供了实施未来计划的框架，同时保持了组织的目标和方向。

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来源
《eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction》|2004年|P.3-10|共8页
会议地点 Istanbul(TR)
作者
Roger Flanagan;
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作者单位

The University of Reading, UK;

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原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类建筑设计;
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7. The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the past 2,000 years — a key interval for understanding the present and future climate response to these forcings — global sea surface temperature changes and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (ce) derived from 57 individual marine reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria. We observe a cooling trend from 1 to 1800 ce that is robust against explicit tests for potential biases in the reconstructions. Between 801 and 1800 ce, the surface cooling trend is qualitatively consistent with an independent synthesis of terrestrial temperature reconstructions, and with a sea surface temperature composite derived from an ensemble of climate model simulations using best estimates of past external radiative forcings. Climate simulations using single and cumulative forcings suggest that the ocean surface cooling trend from 801 to 1800 ce is not primarily a response to orbital forcing but arises from a high frequency of explosive volcanism. Our results show that repeated clusters of volcanic eruptions can induce a net negative radiative forcing that results in a centennial and global scale cooling trend via a decline in mixed-layer oceanic heat content. [O] . McGregor, Helen V., Evans, Michael N., Goosse, Hugues, 2015

机译：海洋调节了全球气候对自然和人为强迫的响应。然而，在过去的2,000年中（这是了解当前和未来气候对这些强迫的响应的关键间隔），全球海表温度变化及其潜在的驱动机制受到的约束很有限。在这里，我们提出了一个共同的时期（ce）的全球海面温度的全球综合，该综合来自57个符合严格质量控制标准的海洋重建项目。我们观察到从1到1800 ce的冷却趋势，对于显式测试重建中潜在的偏倚而言，该趋势很稳健。在801至1800 ce之间，表面降温趋势在质量上与地面温度重建的独立合成以及从使用过去外部辐射强迫的最佳估计的气候模型模拟集合推导出的海面温度合成在质量上是一致的。使用单一和累积强迫的气候模拟表明，从801到1800 ce的海洋表面冷却趋势主要不是对轨道强迫的反应，而是爆炸性火山爆发的频繁发生。我们的结果表明，火山喷发的反复簇可引起净的负辐射强迫，这会导致混合层海洋热量降低而导致百年和全球规模的降温趋势。

The future forces of change for the construction sector - a global perspective

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