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首页> 外文会议>Instruments, methods, and missions for astrobiology XIV >Genesis of oil and hydrocarbon gases within Mars and Carbonaceous Chondrites from our solar system: Organic Origin (source rocks or direct biogenic sink?)
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Genesis of oil and hydrocarbon gases within Mars and Carbonaceous Chondrites from our solar system: Organic Origin (source rocks or direct biogenic sink?)

机译：来自我们太阳系的火星和碳质球粒陨石中的石油和烃类气体的成因：有机起源（源岩还是直接生物成因的汇？）

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The petroleum hydrocarbons (oil and gas) and kerogen macromolecules are abundant within the extraterrestrial atmospheric particles. These hydrocarbons occur as reservoir of lakes and oceans or in hydrate forms on various planets (Earth, Mars, moons of Saturn and Jupiter), asteroid belts, carbonaceous chondrites, and as solid residue within the planets or moons in the Solar System and beyond.The abundance of PAHs in the outer Solar System may indicate that the genesis of these primitive biomarker hydrocarbons may have formed abiogenically much earlier (> 5Ga) than the formation of our Solar System (～ 5 Ga). However, the origin of petroleum on Earth is overwhelmingly connected to the biogenic organic matter that is related to source rocks (thermal degradation of macromolecular kerogen). This may show a similar genesis of the kerogen macromolecules and petroleum hydrocarbons (oil and gas) within the carbonaceous chondrites (CCs), Mars, and selected moons from Saturn and Jupiter. They may be biologically and genetically related.Recent evidence of the possible presence of source rocks (organic rich black carbonaceous rocks) and associated petroleum system elements within Eberswalde and Holden areas of Mars may indicate similar terrestrial associations. Similarly, studies of Carbonaceous Chondrites using biological, petrological, SEM/EDS, and petroleum geochemical methods may also indicate the presence of source rock macromolecule within the CCs. These studies pointed out two new issues: (1) approximately, the major part of the CCs possibly originated from archaea, bacteria, and primitive algal remains; and (2) three types of temperature events affecting the petroleum generation within these carbonaceous chondrites: (ⅰ) lower temperature events (<200℃) in comets and cooler asteroids or planets (examples: Murchison, Tagish Lake, Orgueil); (ⅱ) intermediate temperature events (200 - 300℃) as associated within the deeper section of the comets, asteroids or planets (examples: ALH 840001, and NWA); (ⅲ) high temperature induced zones (>400-500℃) within asteroids or planets or moons (examples: Allende, Vigarano, EET) where organic matter is closely associated with the volcanic or intrusives. The processes of forming oil and gas within Mars and the Moons of other Planets may be connected to both low and high temperature events of kerogen transformation. As such, (a) in the low temperature events, hydrocarbons may be genetically related to petroleum system elements (source, reservoir, seal, and carrier bed systems; (b) in the high temperature events, bitumens and PAHs were derived from the organic remnants (e.g bacterial clusters) which may be connected to volcanic sources possibly associated with a bacterial mat.
机译：地外大气颗粒中富含石油烃（石油和天然气）和干酪根大分子。这些碳氢化合物以湖泊和海洋的储集层形式存在，或以水合物形式存在于各种行星（地球，火星，土星和木星的卫星），小行星带，碳质球粒陨石中，并以固体残渣的形式存在于太阳系及其以外的行星或卫星中。外围太阳系中PAHs的丰富可能表明这些原始生物标志物烃的成因可能比我们太阳系的形成（〜5 Ga）早得多（> 5Ga）。然而，地球上石油的起源与与烃源岩（大分子干酪根的热降解）有关的生物有机物质紧密相连。这可能显示出碳质球粒陨石（CCs），火星以及土星和木星的选定卫星内的干酪根大分子和石油烃（油气）的相似成因。它们可能在生物学和遗传上相关。在火星的埃伯斯瓦尔德和霍尔顿地区可能存在烃源岩（富含有机黑碳质岩石）和相关的石油系统元素的最新证据可能表明了相似的地球联系。同样，使用生物学，岩石学，SEM / EDS和石油地球化学方法对碳质球粒陨石的研究也可能表明CC中存在烃源岩大分子。这些研究指出了两个新问题：（1）大约，CC的主要部分可能起源于古细菌，细菌和原始藻类残留物； （2）影响这些碳质球粒陨石中石油产生的三种类型的温度事件：（ⅰ）彗星和温度较低的小行星或行星中的较低温度事件（<200℃）（例如：默奇森，塔吉什湖，奥盖尔）； （ⅱ）与彗星，小行星或行星的更深部分有关的中间温度事件（200-300℃）（例如：ALH 840001和NWA）； （ⅲ）小行星或行星或卫星（例如：阿连德，维加拉诺，EET）内的高温诱发带（> 400-500℃），其中有机质与火山或侵入体密切相关。在其他行星的火星和月球内形成油气的过程可能与干酪根转化的低温和高温事件有关。因此，（a）在低温事件中，碳氢化合物可能与石油系统元素（源，储层，密封层和载体床系统）遗传相关；（b）在高温事件中，沥青和PAHs来源于有机物。可能与可能与细菌垫有关的火山源相连的残余物（例如细菌簇）。

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