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首页> 外文会议>International Association of Institutes of Navigation 15th World Congress 2015 >Performance evaluation of GNSS-based railway applications
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Performance evaluation of GNSS-based railway applications

机译：基于GNSS的铁路应用的性能评估

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) can be used for various land applications, especially for safety-related applications such as train localization and car localization for the purpose of control. Although a significant amount of integrity assessment has been done in the field of air traffic control, integrity or reliability studies related to train and car applications have generally not been done to date. The most difficult factor in land applications of GNSS is multipath errors. It is known that GNSS signals may be reflected by buildings, walls, vehicles, and the ground. These reflected signals can interfere with reception of the signals coming directly from the satellites, a phenomenon known as multipath. To use GNSS-based position for these types of safety applications, not only position information but also reliability information have to be implemented. Therefore we need to evaluate the real multipath errors for the future reliability evaluation. In this study, we analyzed raw GNSS data obtained in a real-railway condition to demonstrate the accuracy of GNSS. These results will be very important for proposing a better positioning algorithm and for railway reliability estimation. GNSS data were derived from a large number of test runs of more than 2,000 km along several railway lines in the area of the West Japan Railway Company in Japan. First, we evaluated the accuracy to establish the GNSS position errors under real railway lines based on precise reference positions. The precise reference positions were prepared using local RTK-GNSS fixed positions, GNSS velocity, IMU, and a speed sensor equipped on the train. We analyzed the temporal multipath errors for each satellite to show the error distribution. Furthermore, to improve the accuracy of these data, several methods including signal strength check, pseudo-range check by Doppler frequency, and data screening by using the true distance between two antennae, were proposed. As a result, it was confir- ed that large errors and jumps were greatly reduced. For example, the percentage of large horizontal error over 5 m was reduced approximately 66% by using our proposed multipath detection techniques.
机译：全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）可用于各种陆地应用，尤其是出于安全目的的应用，例如出于控制目的的火车定位和汽车定位。尽管在空中交通管制领域已进行了大量的完整性评估，但迄今为止，与火车和汽车应用有关的完整性或可靠性研究尚未完成。 GNSS在陆地应用中最困难的因素是多径误差。众所周知，GNSS信号可能会被建筑物，墙壁，车辆和地面反射。这些反射信号会干扰直接来自卫星的信号的接收，这种现象称为多径现象。要将基于GNSS的位置用于这些类型的安全应用，不仅必须实现位置信息，而且还必须实现可靠性信息。因此，我们需要评估实际的多径误差，以便将来进行可靠性评估。在这项研究中，我们分析了在实际铁路条件下获得的原始GNSS数据，以证明GNSS的准确性。这些结果对于提出更好的定位算法和铁路可靠性评估非常重要。 GNSS数据来自沿日本西日本铁路公司地区的多条铁路线进行的2,000多公里的大量测试。首先，我们评估了基于精确参考位置在真实铁路线下建立GNSS位置误差的准确性。使用本地RTK-GNSS固定位置，GNSS速度，IMU和火车上配备的速度传感器来准备精确的参考位置。我们分析了每个卫星的时间多径误差，以显示误差分布。此外，为了提高这些数据的准确性，提出了几种方法，包括信号强度检查，通过多普勒频率进行伪距检查以及使用两个天线之间的真实距离进行数据筛选。结果，可以确认大大减少了大的错误和跳跃。例如，通过使用我们提出的多径检测技术，在5 m上的大水平误差百分比降低了约66％。

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