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首页> 外文会议>International Biohydrometallurgy Symposium, IBS-2001 Sep 16-19, 2001, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil >Role of pure and mixed cultures of Gram-positive eubacteria in mineral leaching
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Role of pure and mixed cultures of Gram-positive eubacteria in mineral leaching

机译：革兰氏阳性真细菌混合培养物在矿物浸出中的作用

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摘要

Research on the biooxidation of sulfidic minerals has tended to be heavily biased towards Gram-negative bacteria, such as Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Currently, just three species of mineral-oxidising Gram-positive bacteria are recognised: Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, Sulfobacillus acidophilus and Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans, all of which are thermotolerant prokaryotes. We have isolated and characterised a number of phylogenetically distinct Gram-positive iron-metabolising bacteria, including mesophilic and moderately thermophilic strains. Mesophilic isolates include (ⅰ) novel Sulfobacillus spp., some of which are the more acidophilic than all known iron-oxidising bacteria, (ⅱ) "Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum", an actinobacterium most closely related to Am. ferrooxidans, and (ⅲ) a group of low GC Gram-positives which appear to represent a novel genus. Moderately thermophilic isolates include a novel Sulfobacillus sp., an Alicyclobacillus spp. that, in contrast to currently recognised species, grows anaerobically by reduction of ferric iron and thrives in mineral leaching environments, and a new genus/species of iron- and sulfur-oxidising bacterium with the proposed name "Caldibacillus ferrivorus". These novel prokaryotes exhibited varying degrees of mineral leaching efficiencies, with the mesophilic Sulfobacillus spp. being particularly adept at solubilising pyrite at very low (<1) pH values. All novel Gram-positive isolates catalysed the oxidative dissolution of pyrite at lower redox potentials than Gram-negative mesophiles. Mixed cultures of Gram-positive bacteria, either with other Gram-positives or with Gram-negative bacteria, were often more effective mineral-leaching systems than corresponding pure cultures.
机译：关于硫化矿物质生物氧化的研究倾向于偏重于革兰氏阴性细菌，如氧化亚铁螺旋体和氧化亚铁细菌。目前，仅识别出三种矿物氧化性革兰氏阳性细菌：热亚硫酸盐硫杆菌，嗜酸亚硫酸盐杆菌和亚铁酸氧化亚铁，它们都是耐热原核生物。我们已经分离并鉴定了许多系统发育上不同的革兰氏阳性铁代谢细菌，包括嗜温和中等嗜热菌株。中温分离株包括（ⅰ）新型硫杆菌属（Sulfobacillus spp。），其中一些比所有已知的铁氧化细菌具有更强的嗜酸性，（ⅱ）“嗜酸铁杆菌”（Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum），一种与Am密切相关的放线菌。 （ⅲ）一组低GC革兰氏阳性菌，似乎代表一个新的属。中等嗜热分离物包括新型的磺基芽孢杆菌属种，脂环芽孢杆菌属。与目前公认的物种相反，其通过在矿物质浸出环境中减少三价铁和壮成长而厌氧地生长，以及一个新的铁/硫氧化细菌属/种，其名称为“卡尔迪杆菌”。这些新型原核生物具有中等程度的嗜温硫杆菌属物种，具有不同程度的矿物质浸出效率。特别擅长在非常低（<1）的pH值下溶解黄铁矿。与革兰氏阴性嗜温菌相比，所有新颖的革兰氏阳性分离株均以较低的氧化还原电位催化黄铁矿的氧化溶解。革兰氏阳性菌与其他革兰氏阳性菌或革兰氏阴性菌的混合培养物通常比相应的纯培养物更有效的矿物浸出系统。

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