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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Livestock Services Proceedings >LIVESTOCK GENETIC RESOURCES IN BANGLADESH: PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
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LIVESTOCK GENETIC RESOURCES IN BANGLADESH: PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

机译：孟加拉国畜禽遗传资源：保存和管理

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Livestock in Bangladesh play a pivotal role in agriculture by providing draft power and manure for crop production, food (milk, meat & eggs) for human consumption, foreign exchange thorough export of hides and skin. Livestock also generate employment and income; serve as a saving to poor households. The national deficit for milk, meat and eggs are respectively 85.3, 90.3 and 85.7%. The main aim of present livestock development in Bangladesh is to assist farmers to produce and sustain livestock of high economic potential. Bangladesh is rich in domestic animal genetic resources (AnGR) and the species of interest are cattle, buffalo goat, sheep, horse, pig, chicken, duck, geese & pigeon. The dog and cat are also found in all areas of the country whereas elephant, deer, tiger, & gayal (Bos frontalis) live in special forest areas. Most of the aforesaid species are indigenous type except that only about 10% cattle & 20 % chicken are exotic cross & commercial types. These indigenous types possess many positive qualities, e.g. considerable adaptability to harsh climate, poor nutrition and easy or no care management system, resistance to local diseases and parasites and suitability to subsistence farmers' economy except that their productivity is low compared to improved breeds / types of livestock available in the- country. Breeding males (bulls, bucks, rams etc) are now a days scarce at the village level. Sound national breeding policies have never been formulated and implemented for any species of livestock in the country. Commercial broiler and layer farming has gained momentum since a decade but the industry largely depends on continuous importation of germ plasm. On the other hand, neglect of indigenous breeds led to a situation where a number of native breeds / types of livestock are now under the threat of extinction. So, conservation & improvement of indigenous AnGR, especially cattle, goat, chicken, sheep & buffalo, as the order of priority, has been recognized. But the mechanism for implementing this agenda remains unclear. Therefore, future efforts should be focused on the community based in situ development & conservation of potential AnGR of Bangladesh. In this regard, the most successful way could be genetic screening & open nucleus breeding strategies (ONBS) for the improvement of most promising indigenous AnGR. The programmes may operate through both selection & distribution of males to participating & non-participating village farmers for agreed upon breeding goal. Another way may be operation of sire selection & multiplication for distribution scheme. The said approaches will not only improve the indigenous genetic material but will conserve them in situ for the benefit of the livestock keepers. The success of said community based in situ animal genetic resource development & conservation strategies would largely be due to the fact that the strategies will be based on the indigenous animal populations in their adaptive environments.
机译：孟加拉国的牲畜在农业中起着举足轻重的作用，它为农作物生产提供了吃水的动力和粪便，供人类食用的食物（牛奶，肉和蛋），通过生皮和兽皮的外汇兑换。畜牧业还创造就业和收入；充当贫困家庭的储蓄。牛奶，肉和蛋的全国赤字分别为85.3、90.3和85.7％。目前孟加拉国畜牧业发展的主要目的是协助农民生产和维持具有高经济潜力的畜牧业。孟加拉国拥有丰富的家畜遗传资源（AnGR），感兴趣的物种是牛，水牛山羊，绵羊，马，猪，鸡，鸭，鹅和鸽子。在该国的所有地区也发现了狗和猫，而大象，鹿，老虎和同性恋（Bos frontalis）则生活在特殊的森林地区。上述物种大多数是本土物种，除了仅有约10％的牛和20％的鸡是异国杂交和商业类型。这些土著类型具有许多积极的特质，例如除适应于该国现有改良品种/牲畜的生产率低外，它们对恶劣气候，营养差，护理管理体系简单或根本没有适应性，对局部疾病和寄生虫的抵抗力以及对自给自足农民经济的适应性都具有相当大的适应性。现在，在乡村一级，繁殖雄性（公牛，雄鹿，公羊等）的天数稀缺。健全的国家育种政策从未针对该国的任何牲畜制定和实施。商用肉鸡和蛋鸡养殖业自十年以来已获得发展势头，但该行业很大程度上取决于种质的持续进口。另一方面，对土著品种的忽视导致了一种情况，即许多土著品种/类型的牲畜现在面临灭绝的威胁。因此，已经意识到保护和改善本土动物遗传资源，尤其是牛，山羊，鸡，绵羊和水牛的优先次序。但是，执行该议程的机制仍不清楚。因此，未来的工作应集中在基于社区的原地开发和孟加拉国潜在动物遗传资源的保护。在这方面，最成功的方法可能是遗传筛选和开放核育种策略（ONBS），以改善最有前途的本土动物遗传资源。该计划可以通过选育和分配雄性给参与和不参与的村民以达成商定的育种目标来进行。另一种方式可以是对配种方案进行父系选择和乘法运算。所述方法不仅将改善本地遗传材料，而且将为牲畜饲养者的利益就地保存它们。所述以社区为基础的原地动物遗传资源开发和保护战略的成功，在很大程度上要归因于该战略将基于其适应环境中的土著动物种群。

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