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首页> 外文会议>International Peat Congress; 20040606-11; Tampere(FI) >INFLUENCE OF LITTER QUALITY AND QUANTITY ON AMMONIA EMISSIONS IN BROILER CHICKEN PRODUCTION
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INFLUENCE OF LITTER QUALITY AND QUANTITY ON AMMONIA EMISSIONS IN BROILER CHICKEN PRODUCTION

机译：肉仔鸡生产中的滤料质量和数量对氨气排放的影响

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摘要

Broiler production has developed significantly in recent years. Broilers are raised in Finland in enclosed, heated buildings on a litter-on-concrete floor. Due to developments in breeding, feeding, medicine, and technology and a general concern for hygienic conditions, the time required to raise one lot of broiler chickens has decreased to 35 - 37 days. This intensive schedule requires accuracy throughout the production chain. Litter placed on the floor for manure recovery is one of the materials necessary in broiler production. The properties of litter material have effects on nutrient and liquid retention but also on emission of ammonia into the broiler house atmosphere. In warm broiler house conditions, the high nitrogen content of manure is a substantial cause for ammonia volatilization, especially in the second part of the raising period. A high ammonia concentration in the air of the production house is a risk to avian and human health, can be harmful to the growth of the chickens, and places a load on the environmental that should be minimized. In Finland, a measurement technique designed for broiler house conditions has been developed: a specific sensor can be placed at bird height, and results can be monitored continuously. This system can measure levels of NH_3, CO_2, and RH, as well as inside and outside temperature. The heating and ventilation are computer-controlled in modern broiler houses. Peat as an acidic material has an outstanding ammonia-binding capacity compared to, e.g., wood shavings or sawdust. If the pH of the manure/litter mixture is acidic, the ammonium nitrate originating from the manure stays in the mixture, but if the pH reaches highly alkaline levels, ammonia starts to volatilize strongly into the air. This presentation deals with a study of the quality and quantity of litter in relation to ammonia emissions. The results, determined via a novel technique, are described and discussed.
机译：近年来，肉鸡生产显着发展。芬兰的鸡只在混凝土地板上的封闭，加热的建筑物中饲养。由于育种，饲养，药物和技术的发展以及对卫生条件的普遍关注，饲养一批肉鸡所需的时间已减少至35-37天。这种密集的计划要求在整个生产链中保持准确性。放在地板上以回收粪便的垃圾是肉鸡生产中必需的材料之一。垫料的特性不仅影响养分和液体的保留，而且还影响氨气向肉鸡场的排放。在温暖的肉鸡场条件下，粪肥中高氮含量是氨挥发的重要原因，尤其是在饲养期的第二部分。生产场所空气中的高氨浓度会威胁禽鸟和人类健康，可能会对鸡的生长造成危害，并给环境造成负担，应将其降至最低。在芬兰，已经开发了一种针对肉鸡场条件的测量技术：可以将特定的传感器放置在禽类的身高处，并且可以连续地监控​​结果。该系统可以测量NH_3，CO_2和RH的水平以及内部和外部温度。在现代肉鸡舍中，采暖和通风是计算机控制的。与例如刨花或木屑相比，泥炭作为酸性材料具有出色的氨结合能力。如果粪便/粪便混合物的pH值为酸性，则源自粪便的硝酸铵会留在混合物中，但如果pH值达到高碱性水平，则氨会开始强烈地挥发到空气中。本演讲将对与氨排放有关的垃圾质量和数量进行研究。描述和讨论了通过新颖技术确定的结果。

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