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首页> 外文会议>International Soil Conservation Organization Conference vol.4; 20020526-31; Beijing(CN) >Land and Water Integrated Management in a Small Watershed: Hydrological and Chemical Results
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Land and Water Integrated Management in a Small Watershed: Hydrological and Chemical Results

机译：小流域的土地和水综合管理：水文和化学成果

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The study of environmental impact of soil erosion due to water runoff is very important to protect soil quality and fertility. In hilly areas soil erosion is affected by many interrelated factors such as rainfall distribution, land use, crop, soil, tillage and management Traditionally, the cultivation of row crops in the hills of North-Central Italy was counterbalanced by conservative water and soil management, to reduce or avoid soil erosion with loss of soil fertility and water quality degradation. In order to estimate the phenomenon at a watershed scale, discharge and sediment content in a stream draining a small watershed were studied. The watershed is located in a hilly area South East of Bologna, Italy (44°25′ N, 11°28′ E, altitude between 84 and 350 m a.s.l., mean slope 28%, mean slope of the agricultural area 15%) and has been monitored since 1994. Meteorological and hydrological data have been recorded continuously, water of the stream has been sampled in order to estimate sediment and Nitrogen concentrations. Several thematic maps of the area were produced (slope, pedological, geolithological, morphological). In each agricultural season the land use (tillage, crop, chemical treatment, fertilisation, etc.) was mapped (1:5000) interviewing the farmers. This research studies the seasonal soil and N concentration from the watershed for a long time period. The results showed large variability of the amount of sediment among years and a correlation with the agronomic land use. The mean annual sediment loss was 8 t • ha~(-1) • y~(-1). In particular the annual erosion of the watershed was related to the percentage of surface covered by grass. The agricultural land use adopted in the area under study resulted in low N losses (average value 5.2 kg • ha~(-1) • y~(-1)) compared with similar agro-ecosystems.
机译：研究径流对土壤侵蚀的环境影响对于保护土壤质量和肥力非常重要。在丘陵地区，土壤侵蚀受降雨，分布，土地利用，作物，土壤，耕作和管理等许多相互关联的因素的影响。传统上，意大利中北部山区的大田作物种植受到保守的水土保持措施的抵制，减少或避免水土流失，减少土壤肥力和水质恶化。为了在分水岭范围内估计该现象，研究了排水小流域中的水流和沉积物含量。该分水岭位于意大利博洛尼亚东南部的丘陵地区（北纬44°25′，东经11°28′，海拔高度84至350 m，平均坡度28％，农业区平均坡度15％），自1994年以来一直进行监测。不断记录气象和水文数据，对溪流中的水进行采样以估算沉积物和氮的浓度。绘制了该区域的几个专题图（坡度，土壤学，地貌学，形态学）。在每个农业季节，绘制土地使用情况（耕作，作物，化学处理，施肥等）（1：5000），采访农民。该研究长期研究了流域的季节性土壤和氮含量。结果表明，不同年份的沉积物数量差异很大，并且与农用土地利用相关。年平均沉积物流失量为8 t•ha〜（-1）•y〜（-1）。特别是流域的年侵蚀量与被草覆盖的地表百分比有关。与类似的农业生态系统相比，研究区域采用的农业土地利用导致氮素损失较低（平均值为5.2 kg•ha〜（-1）•y〜（-1））。

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