Numerical stress field modeling in conjunction with stress field measurements have shown, that virgin in-situ stress fields are quite complex. The usual assumption of vertical principal stress is often not valid, especially in areas with complex topography and geology as well as in regions, where tectonic forces act. Two examples are given, which demonstrate, that only the combined use of numerical 3D modeling and in-situ stress measurements can give a reliable picture about the stress state in the rock mass. These examples also show, that both, magnitudes and orientations of principal stresses can vary in a quite complex pattern even within short distances. The determination of the stress state is a pre-requisite for any subsequent reliable design and dimension of underground structures.
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