The applicability of the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis to low frequency range is discussed through the results of a case study for Kobe by using the concept of probabilistic scenario earthquakes and contribution factors from corresponding seismic sources. On this basis, data and the conditions inevitable for such an application are summarized. In summary, the active fault data are indispensable to the future seismic hazard assessment because the Kobe Earthquake cannot be identified as an earthquake of precaution either in the deterministic or probabilistic manner when only the historical earthquake data are used. In addition, we should consider the return period in the order of 1,000 years, not in 100 years, for such a "low frequency-high impact seismic event."
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