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Characterization of Phytophthora spp. Strains Affecting Citrus Rootstocks in Cuba

机译：植物磷硫综合征的特征。影响古巴柑橘砧木的菌株

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Phytophthora comprises different species of plant pathogens, many responsible for some of the most serious plant diseases. Citrus are sensitive to several Phytophthora species, mainly P. nicotianae and P. citrophthora. In Cuba, where citrus are the most important fruits crop this pathogen is troublesome. Identification of Phytophthora species has traditionally been based on morphological and growth characters; however variations exist leading to difficulties in accurate identification. In the present work soil samples were collected from two locations in Cuba where citrus are commercially exploited. Fungal samples were isolated using the soil dilution plating method and by baiting with selective hosts. Morphological characterization were done based on traditional traits, including sporangial morphology (shape, size and length-breadth ratio); presence of papilla, absence of caducity, branching of sporangiophores, presence or absence of chlamydospores, the hyphal swellings and colony types in different culture media. The morphological characterization indicated that two putative Phytophthora species could be considered for classifying the five fungus isolated, P. nicotianae or P. citrophthora. The physiological characterization based on maximum temperature of growing, showed that all the isolates could be classified as P. nicotianae strains. ITS 5/4 primer combination confirmed the identification of the samples as Phytophthora spp. isolates whereas the Pn5B/Pn6 primer pairs used showed an accurate identification as P. nicotianae. Pathogenicity tests were developed using in vitro plants of citrus rootstocks inoculated with zoospores suspensions and by the inoculation of Mexican limes fruits with mycelia discs. Discoloration of stems and symptoms of blight were observed in the in vitro plants treated, a brown necrosis was also observed in the fruits inoculated. The strains inoculated were re-isolated from both roots collected from rootstocks and peels from fruits.
机译：疫包括植物病原体，许多负责一些最严重的植物病害的不同种类。柑橘是几个疫种，主要是烟草P.和P. citrophthora敏感。在古巴，在那里的柑橘是最重要的水果作物这种病菌是麻烦。疫种的鉴定历来基于形态学和生长特征;但是存在偏差导致了准确的识别困难。在目前的工作中土壤样本来自古巴两个位置的柑橘进行商业利用收集。真菌样品使用土壤稀释镀法分离，并通过与选择性的主机引诱。形态学特征是基于传统特征，包括孢子囊形态（形状，尺寸和长度宽度比）进行;乳头的存在，不存在的衰老，的厚垣孢子，菌丝肿胀和菌落类型在不同培养基的孢囊柄，存在或不存在支化。形态特征表明，两个假定马铃薯品种可考虑五个真菌中分离，烟草P.或P. citrophthora分类。基于生长的最高温度下的生理特征，表明，所有的分离物可以被归类为烟草P.菌株。 ITS 5/4引物组合证实了样本作为疫霉菌的鉴定。分离而Pn5B / PN6引物成对地使用显示出准确的鉴定为P.烟草。致病性试验采用与游动孢子悬浮液接种柑橘砧木的植物离体和墨西哥的柠檬水果接种菌丝体盘开发。变色茎和在体外植物进行处理，为棕色坏死也在接种果实观察中观察到病症状。接种菌株从来自水果砧木及果皮收集两根再分离。

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