The fluid field of the electroless plating bath was analyzed using a Computational Fluid Dynamics Tool. By solving continuity and momentum equations, the pressure and velocity distributions in the plating bath were predicted. The analysis was performed under various design options: flow direction, flowrate, diffuser plate design, and wafer cassette design. It was found that with the reverse flow option; it seems to deliver uniform flow as compared to the forward flow option. Flow pattern was similar among different flowrates and diffuser designs. Low velocity flow always existed at the top protion of the wafer and near the last row of the wafer cassette. With the hypothesis that slower flowrate results in higher plating rate; a qualitative agreement has been obseved between the predicted flow pattern and the plated nickel beight uniformity.
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