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首页> 外文会议>AIAA SPACE conference exposition >Comparison of Deimos and Phobos as Destinations for Human Exploration and Identification of Preferred Landing Sites
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Comparison of Deimos and Phobos as Destinations for Human Exploration and Identification of Preferred Landing Sites

机译：比较迪莫斯和火卫一作为人类探索和确定首选登陆点的目的地

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A human mission to one of the two moons of Mars has been suggested as an easier precursor before a mission to land on Mars itself. Astronauts would explore the moon in person and teleoperate rovers on the surface of Mars with minimal lag time, returning samples to Earth. Lockheed Martin evaluated such a mission as part of its Stepping Stones sequence of missions in the spirit of the "Flexible Path" approach advocated by the Augustine Committee. In this paper, we compare Deimos and Phobos as potential destinations, including trajectory design, communications access to Earth and the Martian surface, solar illumination, expected radiation environment, planetary protection issues, and physical access to and from the Martian surface. While prior mission concepts have tended to focus on Phobos, we conclude that Deimos is the better destination for an early teleoperation mission largely because it is farther from Mars than Phobos. This reduces the required mission AV by 400 m/s, provides longer communications access and line of sight to 15 deg higher latitudes on the Martian surface, and reduces the frequency and cumulative duration of eclipses by Mars so that a solar powered mission is easier on Deimos than on Phobos. Using a shape model of Deimos, we performed global lighting and communications access analysis and determined that there are two specific regions on Deimos which are the most favorable landing sites. Small areas along the North and South arctic circles on the Mars-facing side of Deimos experience a continuous view of Mars, continuous sunlight for up to ten months during polar summer, and continuous line of sight to Earth during most of the sunlit season. These sites are centered near 60° N 0° W, and 51° S 7° E. A timeline for a mission to these two sites is provided for the 2033-2035 opportunity. This is the easiest opportunity during the next few decades because optimum Earth-to-Mars orbital geometry will likely coincide with the phase of the solar activity cycle that provides the most protection from galactic cosmic rays, reducing the effective radiation dose. During this mission, the crew would land at the southern hemisphere site first, during the middle of the southern summer season. After a four month stay, the crew would depart the surface of Deimos to orbit for 50 days during the equinox and eclipse season, when lighting is unfavorable at any location on the Deimos surface. At the beginning of northern summer, the crew would land at the northern site and stays for ten months before returning to Earth. In this way, the crew can explore both hemispheres of Deimos without requiring advanced power systems.
机译：在执行登陆火星本身的任务之前，有人建议对火星的两个卫星之一进行人类任务。宇航员将亲自探索月球，并以最小的滞后时间在火星表面上进行遥控飞行，将样本返回地球。洛克希德·马丁公司根据奥古斯丁委员会倡导的“灵活之路”方法，将这种任务作为其踏脚石系列任务的一部分进行了评估。在本文中，我们将Deimos和Phobos作为潜在目的地进行了比较，包括轨迹设计，通向地球和火星表面的通信通道，太阳光照，预期的辐射环境，行星保护问题以及进出火星表面的物理通道。尽管先前的任务概念倾向于集中在火卫一上，但我们得出的结论是，Deimos是早期远动任务的更好目的地，主要是因为它离火星比火卫一更远。这样可以将所需的任务AV降低400 m / s，在火星表面向15度高纬度的纬度提供更长的通信访问和视线，并减少了火星日蚀的频率和累积持续时间，因此，在火星上进行太阳能任务更加容易Deimos比上Phobos。使用Deimos的形状模型，我们进行了全局照明和通信访问分析，并确定了Deimos上有两个特定区域是最有利的着陆点。在Deimos面向火星的一面，沿着北极圈的南北两极，可以连续观看火星，在极地夏季可以连续观看长达十个月的阳光，并且在大多数阳光照射季节都可以连续观看地球。这些地点的中心位置分别位于北纬60°N 0°E和南纬51°S 7°。为这两个站点提供了任务时间表，以把握2033-2035年的机会。这是接下来几十年中最容易的机会，因为最佳的地对火星轨道几何形状很可能与太阳活动周期的相位一致，从而可以最大程度地保护银河系宇宙射线，从而减少有效辐射剂量。在执行此任务期间，机组人员将在南部夏季的中期首先降落在南半球站点。在逗留了四个月之后，在春分和月食季节，当Deimos表面上的任何位置都不宜照明时，机组人员将Deimos表面离开轨道运行50天。在北部夏季开始时，机组人员将降落在北部地点并停留十个月，然后返回地球。这样，机组人员无需先进的动力系统就可以探索Deimos的两个半球。

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