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Incorporation of Terrain Elevation Uncertainties in Vulnerability Assessment of Tunnel Facilities

机译：隧道设施脆弱性评估中​​的地形高程不确定性

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Digital terrain elevation data (DTED) supports realistic simulation and visualization of underground structures. However, simulations related to public safety (such as vulnerability assessment of tunnel facilities) must account for uncertainty in the DTED data. The terrain elevation uncertainty is typically quantified by the data provider, and depends on measurement parameters including post spacing. It can be time-prohibitive to perform a probabilistic assessment of a complex tunnel facility that includes DTED data, due to the computational expense of generating multiple solid models that account for sampled terrain elevation. A simplified mathematical approach is presented to account for terrain elevation uncertainties in the analysis of weapons effects against tunnels. Engineering models for the prediction of weapon impact, rock penetration, and cratering are modified to account for uncertainty in terrain elevation data. The influence of terrain elevation uncertainties is demonstrated by simulating an explosive event against a highway tunnel. The predicted outcome (including expected rubble volume and probability of catastrophic collapse) is compared over a range of terrain elevation uncertainty from ±0 (no uncertainty) to ±5 ft.
机译：数字地形高程数据（DTED）支持地下结构的逼真模拟和可视化。但是，与公共安全有关的模拟（例如隧道设施的漏洞评估）必须占DTED数据中的不确定性。地形高程不确定性通常由数据提供商量化，并取决于包括柱间距的测量参数。由于生成用于采样的地形高度的多个实体模型的计算费用，它可以对包括DTED数据的复杂隧道设施的概率评估来执行概率评估。提出了一种简化的数学方法，以解释在对隧道武器影响的分析中的地形高度不确定性。修改了用于预测武器影响，岩石渗透和起跑器的工程模型，以解释地形高程数据的不确定性。通过模拟抗公路隧道的爆炸事件，证明了地形抬高不确定性的影响。将预测结果（包括预期的瓦砾卷积和灾难性崩溃的概率）比较在±0（无不确定性）到±5英尺的一系列地形高度不确定性。

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